Homework Due: Friday 23rd March Complete all mental health questions in practice exam paper given to you last lesson. As you need to familiarise yourself with what the mark scheme is looking for, you should mark these yourself using the mark scheme. I will be checking your answers and your marking Due: Friday 23rd March

Homework Homework Due: Friday 26th March Due: Friday 25th April Exam questions on debates Exam questions on perspectives Due: Friday 26th March Due: Friday 25th April

Topic 5: Crime Prevention Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero- tolerance policy can influence crime Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows Application: At least one strategy for crime prevention

Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero-tolerance policy can influence crime Where do you associate with having higher levels of crime? Why do certain areas experience more crime and anti-social behaviour than others? High rise flats were introduced after the second world war to maximise space, however, this led to an increase of crime rates and poor quality of life

Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero-tolerance policy can influence crime Newman (1972) ‘Defensible space’ Space is considered defensible if it is clearly perceived as belonging to a particular person or small group of people. One issue with high rise flats is that numerous spaces do not ‘belong’ to anyone (stairwells, landings, lifts, parking areas etc). No one feels responsible It is also difficult to recognise those living in the building, making identifying potential criminals difficult. Newman says this causes a reduced sense of community, where criminal activity is harder to detect and less likely to be challenged.

Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero-tolerance policy can influence crime Instead, he thinks well designed housing could have a positive impact on crime rates and quality of life. Bramley & Power (2009) found people living in high density areas are more likely to consider crime to be a problem in their area, than lower density areas

Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero-tolerance policy can influence crime What is it? Zero tolerance to all crimes Dennis (1997) calls it ‘confident policing’ Based on three core principles Address all criminal activity to prevent escalation Police should be confident to tackle even lowest level of crime or antisocial behaviour Low level crime can be tackled with low intensity humane methods Evidence of it working? In the 1990s, NYC was the crime capital of the world. In 1994, dual emphasis on tackling serious crime and low level crime such as vandalism and loitering. Huge drop in serious crime rates, hotspots identified for crimes and criminal acts prevented rather than reacted to. 37% drop in crime after three years and 50% drop in homicide Similar findings in the UK

Topic 5: Crime Prevention Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero- tolerance policy can influence crime Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows Application: At least one strategy for crime prevention