Consists of all the nerve cells Consists of all the nerve cells. It is the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system. brain and spinal cord CNS- Brain and spinal cord PNS- all other nerves of the body sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

Organization of the nervous system

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles Heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles (internal organs), and glands S- Voluntary control of skeletal muscles (break down into sensory and motor nerves) A- Heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles (internal organs), and glands

Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons) For example, touching a Hot Flame would send the signal to the CNS. (red arrow) Sends signals TO the CNS (Central Nervous System) http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/pub/introduction-psychology/67053#web-67053

Motor Neurons Sends signals AWAY from the CNS. For example, if you were about to hit a soccer ball a message will come away from the CNS to tell your leg to kick. http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/pub/introduction-psychology/67053#web-67053

InterNeurons (Get it “in” the brain) hahaha Contained within the CNS. Does the processing in the brain. http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/pub/introduction-psychology/67053#web-67053

Conserve bodily resources Maintain homeostasis “Rest and Digest” Parasympathetic- Rest and digest Conserves energy as it calms you Decrease- respiration, heart rate Increase- salivation, digestion Constricted/Contracted- pupils, bronchial passages, bladder control Mobilizes the body’s resources in emergencies “Fight or Flight” Arouses and expends energy (Epinephrine/Norepinephrine- adrenal glands, neurotransmitter- interconnected systems) Increased- heart rate, respiration, secretions by sweat glands Inhibited- salivation, digestion Dilated- pupils, bronchial passages Etc- hair follicles raised, goose bumps, secretion of adrenal hormones, bladder sphincter relaxed

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS Sympathetic Nervous System:  Excites body by preparing it for action (increased heartbeat) Parasympathetic Nervous System:  calming; returns body to its resting state (decreases heartbeat)  Uses energy  Conserves energy The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body. Imagine the peace and calming effect of watching a parachute drift slowly downward. -You might be nervous as you jump out of a plane to sky dive, but once the parachute lets out you begin to calm down.

Man pushing off himself a 2-ton boulder (“sympathetic NS on acid”) using endorphins (put pain on hold) resulting in eventual exhaustion.

THE BRAIN Endocrine System 1. Endocrine System - chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. A. Pituitary Gland - regulates growth & controls other endocrine glands - called “Master Gland” Endocrine System - The endocrine system’s glands secrete another form of chemical messengers, hormones, which travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues, including the brain. When hormones act on the brain, they influence our interest in sex, food, and aggression. Whereas the nervous system is fast, sending messages from eyes to brain to hand in a fraction of a second, the endocrine system sends messages SLOWLY along in the bloodstream, taking several seconds or more to travel from the gland to the target tissue. Hormones are produced by several different glands. They are the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, the adrenal gland, the testes and ovaries. Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland is stimulated by the hypothalamus and is responsible for the secretion of many different hormones that affect various aspects of behavior. Example: Growth hormone regulates the growth of muscles bones, and glands. Children whose growth patterns seem abnormally slow often catch up to others the same age when doctors give them growth hormone. Adrenal Glands - secrete hormones (epinephrine & norepinephrine) that arouse the body in times of stress. These hormones increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar, providing a surge of energy. When the emergency passes, the hormones—and the feelings of excitement—linger a while. B. Adrenal Glands - secrete hormones (epinephrine & norepinephrine) that arouse the body in times of stress.

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glandes travel through bloodstream and affect other tissues Hormones

The effects of the pituitary are clearly shown here The effects of the pituitary are clearly shown here. Entertainer David Frost stands between the world’s tallest and smallest man. The tallest man in history was 8 feet 11 inches tall. He died at the age of 22, partly as a result of this defect. The shortest known person was 23 inches tall when she died at the age of 19. Today’s medicines can handle most of these problems if caught earlier enough, but these cases show what happen if the pituitary gland goes awry.

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