Stirrings of Rebellion Events Leading up to the American Revolutionary War Pg. 5

Let’s review for a second…..

Mercantilism/ Economic Policy -system of nations increasing their wealth and power through trade with colonies- Theory that a country’s power depends on its wealth Export-OUT Import-IN -English wanted a favorable balance of trade which meant they sold more than they imported from colonies*Limited colonies Trade

English Control -colonies were very successful traders -Parliament passes the Navigation Acts, 1649- Put the theory of Mercantilism into place -Restricted how and with who the colonists could do business with. -Could only trade with England and only use English ships (English hands)

French and Indian War Notes

-French areas of colonization -St. Lawrence River Valley, -Quebec, I. France’s Empire -French areas of colonization -St. Lawrence River Valley, -Quebec, - Great Lakes, -Louisiana -Interest in trading not colonizing -better relationship with Indians -English colonists want to expand *Tensions mounted as the settlers of New France wanted to increase their land holdings to build up the fur trade. *Their primary focus was the lush Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes. Meanwhile, the British also started moving into the Ohio River Valley.

I. France’s Empire *Like the 100 years war!! -Indians resist British settlers and ally with French -The French have an old rivalry with Britain -multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries -1754 - conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Pennsylvania border *Like the 100 years war!!

II. French and Indian War -Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington to lead militia against the French *(22yrs old) -The French and Indian allies won many early battles using: -guerilla warfare – hiding, ambushing, hit and run

French and Indian War -Albany Plan of Union -colonies debate forming a central government DUE TO 1. Need of Colonial Force if possible defeat in the war AND 2. self-imposed taxation to pay for that defense -idea was proposed by Benjamin Franklin but was never adopted *Even though the representatives returned home with no consensus having been reached… ….They had laid the groundwork for the republic that would eventually become the United States of America.

I. French and Indian War -Victory at Quebec finally gave the British control of the region -turning point of the conflict -Treaty of Paris, 1763 -France lost all lands in America *The Paris Peace Settlement of 1763 confirmed that France no longer held control over any part of North America, except for two small islands near Newfoundland.

Interesting Fact: *By 1756, the tensions in North America developed into a global conflict. Previous global conflicts had started in Europe and spread to the colonies, but this was the first example of aggression that started in the colonies and spread to Europe. Battles between Britain, France, Spain, and other European powers erupted in the West Indies, the Philippines, Africa, and Europe. This conflict, which started in North America as the French and Indian War, came to be known as the Seven Years’ War in Europe.

The French and Indian War = Clarification: The French and Indian War = The French and Indians vs. Great Britain and the Colonists 4 IMPORTANT impacts of the War: 1.) British debt 2.) Colonists experience guerilla warfare 3.) Colonial Confidence – debated forming a union 4.) Proclamation line – colonists resist British law

French and Indian War NOTES End Information from : https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/french-and-indian-war/ Images from Google Image Searches Stirring of Rebellion NOTES- Beginning

III. Post-War Problems -Proclamation of 1763 -Law stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns -Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians More Problems: ………..

IV. Tensions Build -British heavily in debt because of war – need $$ (*where will it come from?) -The British Army stayed in the colonies - expensive for Britain, supposed to “protect” colonists -Britain placed trade restrictions and established duties (taxes) on certain products -smugglers avoid paying taxes *Smugglers actually hurt many British Companies and kept Colonist Happy

IV. Tensions Build -writs of assistance – search warrants issued by British authorities to catch smugglers *These writs would enable British authorities to enter any colonist's home with no advance notice, no probable cause and no reason given. *Fast Forward : The 4th Amendment to the Constitution protects us from Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

Now Let’s talk about the actual taxes….

IV.British Taxation -Sugar Act (Revenue Act) Britain taxed colonists to pay for British troops affected merchants and traders – tax on imports (called a tariff) -protests began against taxation without representation James Otis – “no taxation without representation” Father of Revolution  *tariffs on sugar, wine, coffee, and other items imported -James Otis– “no taxation without representation” Father of Revolution -

British Taxation *The law angered Americans who claimed that Britain had no right to tax them because they had no representation in Parliament.  *The taxes were enacted (or raised) without the consent of the colonists. This was one of the first instances in which colonists wanted a say in how much they were taxed. -The Colonist REFUSED to pay the new tax…

The inadequate funds generated by the Sugar Act forced Parliament to enact a Stamp Act. Placed taxes on all printed materials, including legal papers, playing cards, and newspapers. No one could sell pamphlets or newspapers or distribute diplomas or licenses without first purchasing special stamps and placing them on the printed material.

-Stamp Act= 1st direct tax on Colonist V. British Taxation -Stamp Act= 1st direct tax on Colonist -new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint -*Every newspaper, pamphlet, and other public and legal document had to have a Stamp, or British seal, on it. The Stamp, of course, cost money -colonists again reacted with protests *tar and feathering -* Sons of Liberty was formed in response to this Act -British reacted by sending more troops “Redcoats” *affected many colonists rich and poor

VI. Colonial Society -The people in charge tended to be wealthy and educated -They feared disorder and did not trust the masses -*So, how might those in charge respond to the Stamp Act? *Two Choices: 1.) Side with the British – what would happen? 2.) Side with the Colonists – what would happen?

(voices of opposition to British control ) Samuel Adams John Adams VII. Resistance Begins -Sons of Liberty -Boston- (voices of opposition to British control ) Samuel Adams John Adams -”no taxation w/o representation” -protests and boycotts were organized (refusing to buy) -stamp agents were harassed -9/13 colonies sent representatives to prepare a declaration against the new British actions -law eventually repealed-

*Here is how it all went down…. The Sons of Liberty, staged riots and vandalized the homes of the stamp distributors. The mobs threatened the safety of the stamp agents and their families and intimidated them into resigning their posts. By the time the new law went into effect, it was unenforceable because there were no stamp distributors left in the colonies to sell the stamps. (Say What?!?) Many Americans formed non-importation pacts that drastically cut the amount of goods purchased from England. British merchants, manufacturers, and shippers suffered from the reduced trade and pressured Parliament into repealing the Stamp Act. The colonists lifted their boycott on British goods and celebrated their victory against the Crown. Their jubilation, however, was short-lived. On the same day Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, it passed the Declaratory Act, which reaffirmed England’s authority to pass any law it desired to bind the colonies and people of America. The colonists remained subordinates and the British government pronounced its complete and unqualified sovereignty over its North American colonies.

VII. Resistance Begins -Declaratory Act– states that Parliament has the right to declare laws for British colonies in all cases

Townshend Act -new tax placed on imports such as tea (Tea Act), glass, paper, paint -colonists again reacted with protests (we will talk about the Boston Tea Party Tomorrow) -British reacted by sending more troops “Redcoat” Soldiers

VIII “Boston Massacre” Engraving- by Paul Revere -March 1770 -protests by colonists -British troops fire on crowd -5 colonists killed -Crispus Attucks (African American w/ heroic role) -Most soldiers found not guilty at their trial for murder. Ruled they acted in self-defense John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

1.) How do these pictures portray the event? 2.) Who would have drawn/made these? 3.) How might some colonists use this event to their advantage? THE HORRID MASSACRE IN BOSTON, PERPETRATED IN THE EVENING OF THE FIFTH DAY OF MARCH, 1770, BY SOLDIERS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT WHICH WITH THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT WERE THEN QUARTERED THERE; WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATE OF THINGS PRIOR TO THAT CATASTROPHE

Educational Fair Use Agreement: Images from Google Image Search https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/imperial-reorganization/