Chapter 5.3 – Organic Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5.3 – Organic Chemistry Science 10 p.244-251

5.3 Organic Compounds Organic compounds contain carbon, and usually hydrogen. “Organic” sounds like the compounds come from living things, but some do, and some don’t. Inorganic compounds are compounds that do not have carbon (as well as some exceptions: CO2, CO and ionic carbonates)

Why Carbon? It has four electrons in its valence shell, which allows for more chemical bonding possibilities than any other element. Long chains of carbon can form Examples: petroleum and plastics

Hydrocarbons: organic compounds that contains only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are based on a carbon “backbone”, or chain, with hydrogen atoms added on the sides. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4), followed by ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10), and pentane (C5H12) All hydrocarbons are flammable, and most are liquids at room temperature

Alcohols: are organic compounds with an -OH group off of the carbon chain. The simplest alcohols are methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH) and isopropyl alcohol (C3H7OH). Alcohols are very good solvents (they dissolve other substances) Alcohols are generally very flammable Take the Section 5.3 Quiz