Biology Activator: 12/16/13 Pass in your literature review. If you don’t have it done by the end of the school day you will be serving a homework detention after school with me at 2:30. Read through each I Can… statement about enzymes. If you feel 100% confident that you can do what the statement says check the first column.

Chemistry of Life: section 2-4 Energy and Chemical Reactions Metabolism – how does it fit in here? Activation Energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction Enzymes Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions Most enzymes are proteins Catalysts - reduce the activation energy of a chemical reactions Help maintain homeostasis (speed too slow to sustain life)

Enzyme example: Blood carries carbon dioxide, CO2, (waste product made by your cells) to your lungs, to exit your lungs when you breath. In the lungs, carbon dioxide reacts with water, H2O, to form carbonic acid, H2CO3: CO2 + H2O Carbonic Ahydrase H2CO3 If this enzyme wasn’t present in your body you would never be able to get rid of this waste fast enough in your bady to keep living. It multiplies this by about 10million times faster that it normally would.

Starch Amylase Glucose Enzymes Continued… Substrate – the substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction Enzymes act on only specific substrates Example: the enzyme amylase assists in the breakdown of starch to glucose in the following reaction Starch Amylase Glucose Shape determines its activity Deep folds on surface, folds form pockets called Active Sites. An active site is where the substrate fits into the enzyme

Step By Step enzyme substrate contact Contact occurs between the substrate and enzyme, Enzyme shape changes to a tight hold on the Substrate At active site, interaction occurs, reduction of activation energy, Substrate more likely to react Reaction finished when products formed, Enzyme can catalyze further reactions

Acids/Bases/pH effect on Enzymes All enzymes work best under a certain specific pH Other pH’s can cause the enzyme to denature (change shape) and no longer function

Temperature effects on Enzymes All enzymes work best under a certain specific temperature Other temperatures can cause the enzyme to denature and no longer function