SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE.

MAURYAN EMPIRE: Location: India Founder: Chandragupta Maurya (1st Indian Empire) Well-organized bureaucracy Built roads & harbors, collected taxes, justice was sought in court Chandragupta’s rule was harsh but effective; had a brutal secret police Specially trained women were warriors that guarded his palace

Asoka: Chandragupta’s grandson Converted to Buddhism, rejected violence paved the way for spread of Buddhism throughout Asia tolerant of other religions

FALL OF MAURYAN EMPIRE: After Asoka’s death, unity throughout empire dissolved Conquerors moved into India and the Mauryan Empire could not fight off invaders

GUPTA EMPIRE: Decline: Pressure of weak rulers Civil War Foreign Invaders (Huns) India splits into many kingdoms Began 500 years after Mauryan Empire, united India again Strong central government, promoted peace & prosperity; not as harsh as Maurya Empire Golden Age: great cultural achievement Trade & farming Cloth, pottery, metalware Education Decimal System

HINDUISM: DEVELOPMENT: IMPACT: No founder; developed in India Sacred text: Vedas Polytheistic Grew out of beliefs from diverse groups One of world’s most complex religions Helps create caste system Through cultural diffusion, helps it spread throughout Asia Created idea of karma

HINDUISM: All powerful spirit called brahman Most important gods: Brahma (Creator), Vishnu (Preserver), & Shiva (Destroyer); can take many different forms, human or animal Ultimate goal of existence: moksha (union with brahman); cannot achieve in one lifetime but through reincarnation (rebirth of soul) Accomplish moksha through karma Believe in ahimsa (nonviolence)

HINDUISM: Caste System -reflects how close a person is to reuniting with brahman -the higher the class, the closer the person is *Brahmins (Priests) *Kshatriyas (Warriors/Rulers) *Vaisyas (Skilled workers & farmers) *Sudras (Servants) *Pariahs/Untouchables A person can only move up or down the caste system after death.

BUDDHISM: IMPACT: DEVELOPMENT: Created idea of meditation & nirvana Through trade, allowed Buddhism to spread throughout Asia DEVELOPMENT: Founder: Siddhartha Guatma Located in India Grew out of Hindu beliefs (believe in reincarnation) Born into wealthy family, shielded from bad parts of life (human suffering); left family to find end to suffering Through mediations, he became the Buddha (“Enlightened One”)

Four noble truths: 1. All life is suffering/pain 2 Four noble truths: 1. All life is suffering/pain 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. suffering can end if a person follows… 4. The Eightfold Path (moral code of Buddhism)

Chinese civilIzations: Zhou & qin

CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS QIN ZHOU Shi Huangdi: Unified China and ended Warring States Period Legalism: harsh punishments & strict laws to achieve order Built the Great Wall of China http://www.history.com/topics/great-wall-of- china Fought in a battle to win control of northeastern China Justified rebellion by Mandate of Heaven (divine right to rule) Treated people very well Included dynastic cycle (rise and fall of dynasties) As long as a dynasty provided good government, it could stay Economy grew Ended due to a war (Warring States Period)

CONFUCIANISM: Founder: Confucius Location: China NOT a religion, a philosophy Confucius thought way to restore order was through social & political harmony 5 basic relationships: 1. ruler & subject 2. father & son 3. husband & wife 4. older brother & younger brother 5. friend & friend Civil Service Exams -foundation for Chinese government -government positions should be won by merit, not family ties

Indian subcontinent geography:. subcontinent: peninsula Indian subcontinent geography: *subcontinent: peninsula *mountains: limit contact *rivers: fertile land *monsoons: seasonal winds