Flashcards for Ionic & Metallic Bonding

What particle is transferred in ionic bonding? Electron What particle is transferred in ionic bonding?

How do you identify an ionic formula? Metal + Nonmetal How do you identify an ionic formula?

How do you identify a covalent formula? All Nonmetals How do you identify a covalent formula?

What do metals do in ionic bonding? Metals lose electrons & form positive ions. What do metals do in ionic bonding?

What is a positive ion called? A cation What is a positive ion called?

What do nonmetals do in ionic bonding? Nonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions. What do nonmetals do in ionic bonding?

What is a negative ion called? An anion What is a negative ion called?

Lewis structures of ionic substances Show all positive ions & all negative ions. Use square brackets to enclose symbol of each ion & put charge outside Lewis structures of ionic substances

Atoms form ions to achieve the noble gas configuration of the nearest noble gas Ion formation

Ion formation Group I metals always form ions with a +1 charge. Group II metals always form ions with a +2 charge. Transition metals may form more than one kind of positive ion.

Nonmetal Ions Nonmetals form negative ions in ionic compounds. The positive oxidation states for the nonmetals are used in covalent compounds.

+1 ions Group 1 metals form …

+2 ions Group 2 metals form …

-1 ions Group 17 nonmetals form …

They don’t form ions. There the noble gases! Group 18 nonmetals form …

-2 ions Group 16 nonmetals form …

Lewis Dot Structures for Ionic Compounds Have square brackets and charges. Charges add up to 0. Positive ion has no dots. Negative ion has 8 dots. Lewis Dot Structures for Ionic Compounds

Lewis diagram of sodium chloride [Na]+1[:Cl:]-1 : : Lewis diagram of sodium chloride

Lewis diagram of calcium chloride : : [Ca]+2[:Cl:]-1[:Cl:]-1 : : Lewis diagram of calcium chloride

Lewis diagram of aluminum chloride : : : : [Al]+3[:Cl:]-1[:Cl:]-1 [:Cl:]-1 : : Lewis diagram of aluminum chloride

Lewis diagram of aluminum sulfide : : : : [Al]+3[:S:]-2[:S:]-2[:S:]-2[Al]+3 : : Lewis diagram of aluminum sulfide

Na+1(g) + Cl-1(g)  NaCl(s) Change in energy when one mole of a crystalline ionic compound is formed from its gas phase ions. Na+1(g) + Cl-1(g)  NaCl(s) Lattice Energy

Formation of ionic compounds Is very exothermic! Formation of ionic compounds

To get the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas. Why do atoms form bonds?

Force of attraction that holds 2 atoms together. What is a chemical bond?

What are the properties of ionic compounds? Hard, brittle High melting point, high boiling point Low vapor pressure Poor conductors of heat Solids do not conduct electricity at all Melts & solutions do conduct a current Ions in solution react quickly What are the properties of ionic compounds?

What is the structure of ionic compounds? Crystal lattice: lattice points are positive & negative ions. What is the structure of ionic compounds?

Subscripts in chemical formula have smallest whole number ratio Empirical Formula

Ionic compounds only have empirical formulas.

Symbols & Subscripts Formulas

Subscripts in chemical formulas Microscopic scale – give atomic ratios Macroscopic scale – give mole ratios Subscripts in chemical formulas

Regular, repeating pattern in 3 dimensions. Crystal lattice

Compounds are electrically … Neutral. Compounds are electrically …

Gives exact composition of molecule. Molecular Formula

Contains 2 elements Binary Ionic Compound

What are the properties of metals? Luster Good conductors of heat & electricity Malleable & ductile Low ionization energy & low electronegativity High mp, high bp & low vapor pressure What are the properties of metals?

What is the structure of metals. Crystal lattice: all lattice points are positive ions. What is the structure of metals.

Delocalized electrons Valence electrons in metals are free to roam throughout the metal. Delocalized electrons

Sea of mobile electrons Phrase used to describe valence electrons in metallic bonding. Sea of mobile electrons