ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate Cell Energetics ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate Breaking down ATP To make food Breaking down food To make ATP

A. Two reactions in Photosynthesis 1. Light-Dependent Reactions 2. Light-Independent Reactions CO2 Water Light NADP+ ADP + P Thylakoid Light-Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle In the Stroma ATP NADPH Carbohydrates O2

A. Necessary Anatomy Chlorophyll Thylakoid Granum Leaf Chloroplast Cross section Thylakoid Granum Leaf Chloroplast Stroma Self Feeder This answers the “what contains what question” Copy and paste this URL address http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf

B. Photosynthesis Reactions: Light-Dependent Rxn Light-Independent Rxn Also called: Calvin Cycle (Dark Rxn) Input: Light, Water (+ a leaf with chlorophyll :-) CO2 and ATP, NADPH Takes place: In the Thylakoid membranes In the stroma (fluid) Output: O2 (that leaves the cell) ATP & NADPH Carbohydrate (C6H1206 - sugar - glucose) Water CO2 Light NADP+ ADP + P Thylakoid Light-Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle In the stroma ATP NADPH Carbohydrates O2 Sugar (glucose) C6H12O6

C. Photosynthesis Equation Reactants Products 6CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Light-Dependent Calvin Cycle Light-Independent Light-Dependent Calvin Cycle Light-Independent Light-Dependent Account for each step of the reaction by indicating if it’s a reactant or product and whether it is from the Light-Dependent or Light-Independent reaction.

Check for understanding What does Light-Dependent mean? Where does it take place? Reactants? Products? What is another name for the Light-Independent Reaction? What does it require? (reactants) What does it not require? What are its products?

Check for understanding What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What are the products of photosynthesis? What is the formula/equation for photosynthesis? What structure needs to be present? What pigment needs to be present? What are three factors that affect photosynthesis? Water CO2 Light NADP+ ADP + P Thylakoid Light-Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle In the Stroma ATP NADPH Carbohydrates O2 Sugar (glucose)

D. Cellular Respiration Pathways Glycolysis Cytoplasm Makes a lot of ATP No Electron Transport Chain O2 O2 +36 ATP Mitochondrion Anaerobic Fermentation Aerobic Krebs Cycle +2 ATP Alcoholic Lactic Acid +2 ATP

Process Photosynthesis Respiration Organelle Goal Key steps Both have Chloroplast To make glucose Light-Dependent (H2O + light = O2 + ATP + NADPH)) Light-Independent (CO2 -- Calvin Cycle - Carbs) ETC, then a “cycle” Respiration Mitochondrion To make ATP Glycolysis Fermentation Krebs cycle + ETC “cycle,” then ETC C C carbohydrates Oxygen +2 ATP +2 ATP +36 ATP

Check for Understanding Goal of photosynthesis? Goal of respiration? Amt of ATP produced in Respiration What carbohydrate does photosynthesis make? What is: 6CO2 + H2O -------- C6H12O6 + 6O2 What is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------- 6CO2 + H2O + energy What form is the energy in? What is our original source of energy?

This covers the extent of material necessary for NGSS It would help if Acc Bio kids saw some more like on the following couple of slides

Light-Dependent Reaction Needs light & water H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP + P Thylakoid Light-Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle In the stroma ATP NADPH Carbohydrates O2 Sugar (glucose) C6H12O6 Light-Dependent Reaction Needs light & water Occurs in Thylakoid membranes Photosystem II: splits water (H+’s and e- ’s) releases oxygen Photosystem I: makes high energy molecules ATP and NADPH Light-Independent Reaction Needs ATP & NADPH Needs carbon dioxide Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma Product is Carbohydrates Recycles NADP+ and ADP Memory Technique: CCC http://www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/forestbiology/photosynthesis.swf http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.html

Check for Understanding Ingredients for Light-Dependent reactions? (2) Ingredients for Light-Independent reactions? (3) Which reaction requires chlorophyll? Where do the Ilight-Independent (Calvin Cycle) reaction take place? Where do the Light-Dependent reactions take place? Where does CO2 enter the leaf? What substances leave through the stomata? Where are the stomata on the leaf? Does the Calvin Cycle need light? What is another name for the Calvin Cycle? “Ingredients” passed on to Calvin Cycle from within? What is the pigment necessary for the Light-Dependent Rxn? What does Photosystem II do? (4 things) What does Photosystem I do? (2 things) What are the overall reactants for photosynthesis? What are the overall products of photosynthesis? What structure needs to be present? What pigment needs to be present? Which uses ATP, NADPH? What is the memory technique for the Calvin Cycle?

Overview Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Glucose Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid + 2 ATP Glucose Pyruvic Acid Carbon Dioxide + Ethyl alcohol 2 ATP Glucose Pyruvic Acid Carbon Dioxide + Water 36 ATP C C C C C C Only if oxygen is present