Volume 26, Issue 1, Pages 114-119 (January 2016) An Enantiornithine with a Fan-Shaped Tail, and the Evolution of the Rectricial Complex in Early Birds  Jingmai K. O’Connor, Xiaoli Wang, Xiaoting Zheng, Han Hu, Xiaomei Zhang, Zhonghe Zhou  Current Biology  Volume 26, Issue 1, Pages 114-119 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.036 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Photograph of the Holotype of Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo gen. et sp. nov. STM29-11 Scale bar represents 2 cm. Current Biology 2016 26, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.036) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Photographs of Select Morphological Details of Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo gen. et sp. nov. STM29-11 (A) Rostrum in left lateral view. (B) Synsacrum in dorsal view. (C) Right carpometacarpus in dorsal view. (D) Cervical vertebrae. (E) Omal end of the left scapula. All scale bars represent 5 mm. Anatomical abbreviations: 1–8, sacral vertebrae; ac, acromion process; at, atlas; cp, costal process; cr, carotid process; ct, carpal trochlea; de, dentary; gl, glenoid facet; il, ilium; l, left; ma, major metacarpal; mi, minor metacarpal; r, right; sc, scleral ring; sp, spinous process. Current Biology 2016 26, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.036) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Detail Photograph and Interpretative Drawing of the Tail of the Holotype of Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo gen. et sp. nov. STM29-11 (A) Detail photograph. Scale bar represents 1 cm. (B) Interpretative drawing. Anatomical abbreviations not listed in Figure 2: 1–5, rectrices forming the left half of the tail; ca, free caudal vertebrae; ch, chevrons; ldl, left dorsolateral ridge; py, pygostyle; rdl, right dorsolateral ridge; rm, remiges; vl, left ventrolateral ridge. Current Biology 2016 26, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.036) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Simplified Cladogram of Derived Maniraptoran Relationships with Associated Tail and Rectricial Morphology Red branches indicate presence of a pygostyle; orange represents the inferred presence of a pygostyle and the rectrix-rectricial bulb complex. The white boxed node indicates the possible origin of the rectricial bulbs; alternatively, this feature may have had two or three independent origins, one in the Sapeornithiformes and also either independently in the Pengornithidae and the Ornithuromorpha or once in the ornithothoracine common ancestor. Current Biology 2016 26, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.036) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions