Suppressive effect of CD39+CD73+ melanoma cells on T-cell proliferation, and reversion of this effect via treatment with the CD39-blocking antibody, CD39.

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Suppressive effect of CD39+CD73+ melanoma cells on T-cell proliferation, and reversion of this effect via treatment with the CD39-blocking antibody, CD39 inhibitor, or adenosine receptor inhibitor. Suppressive effect of CD39+CD73+ melanoma cells on T-cell proliferation, and reversion of this effect via treatment with the CD39-blocking antibody, CD39 inhibitor, or adenosine receptor inhibitor. A and B, CD39+CD73+ melanoma cells inhibited CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 4 × 104 CFSE-labeled PBMCs were incubated in the presence of a coated anti-CD3 antibody. When indicated, irradiated SK-MEL-5 cells were added at a 1:0.5 or 1:1 ratio (T cells:SK-MEL-5 cells). The CFSE profiles (A) and the percentage of proliferating cells (at least one division; B) were analyzed via flow cytometry after 4 days of culturing. For B, the results are expressed as the means ± SEM of at least three experiments and were compared using a two-tailed paired t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01). C, AMP production by SK-MEL-5 cells is inhibited by treatment with the CD39-blocking antibody OREG-103/BY40 or ARL. A total of 105 SK-MEL-5 cells were either not treated (white bars) or treated with ARL (dark gray bar, 100 μmol/L), the CD39-blocking antibody OREG-103/BY40 (aCD39, dark bar, 5 μg/mL), or a control isotype antibody (Iso, light gray bar, 5 μg/mL) for 16 hours. SK-MEL-5 cells were then incubated in 50 μmol/L ATP with or without ARL or antibodies at the same concentration. AMP generation was quantified in the supernatants via mass spectrometry. The results are expressed as the means ± SEM of at least two independent experiments performed in triplicate. D, treatment with the CD39-blocking antibody OREG-103/BY40, ARL (CD39 inhibitor), or SCH58261 (A2A adenosine receptor inhibitor) reversed the melanoma cell–mediated suppression of CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation. A total of 4 × 104 CFSE-labeled PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 4 × 104 irradiated (100 Gy) SK-MEL-5 cells. As indicated, ARL (100 μmol/L), SCH58261 (100 nmol/L), the anti-CD39 antibody OREG-103/BY40 (aCD39, 10 μg/mL), or a control isotype antibody (iso, 10 μg/mL) was added on the first and third days of culturing. After 5 days, the proliferation of CFSE-labeled CD4 and CD8 T cells was measured via flow cytometry. The experiments were performed in duplicate, and the results are representative of two independent experiments. Jeremy Bastid et al. Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3:254-265 ©2015 by American Association for Cancer Research