PHED 1 Applied Physiology Lung Volumes AS PE PHED 1 Applied Physiology Lung Volumes

The Respiratory System Our respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air and transfers it to the blood in our lungs The oxygen travels to the cells in our blood, where it is exchanged for carbon dioxide  Our respiratory system then removes the carbon dioxide

Lung Vol & Capacities Tidal Volume Inspiratory/Expiratory reserve vol. Residual capacity Vital capacity Interpretations from spirometer traces Minute volume/ventilation

L 1.5 3.0 3.5 6.5 IRV VC TV FRV ERV Residual Volume

1.5 3.0 3.5 6.5

Definitions Tidal Volume (TV) = Air breathed in or out in one breath (0.5L) Inspiratory reserve volume = Air that can be forcibly inspired in addition to TV (3.1L) Expiratory reserve volume = Air that can be forcibly expired in addition to TV (1.2L) Vital Capacity = Max air that can be forcibly exhaled after breathing in as much as possible (4.8L)

Defs Cont….. Residual Volume = Air that remains in lungs even after max expiration to keep them from collapsing (1.2L) Total Lung Capacity = Vital Capacity + Residual Volume (6.0L) AS PE Module 1 BMF

AGE B.FRAME Lung Volumes FITNESS SEX

Changes to Lung Volumes During Exercise Lung Vol or Capacity Changes during Exercise Tidal volume (TV) Inspiratory reserve vol (IRV) Expiratory reserve vol (ERV) Residual volume (RV) Total lung capacity (TLC) Vital capacity (VC) Inspiratory capacity (IC) Functional residual capacity (FRC) Minute ventilation Increase Decrease Slight decrease Slight decrease Slight decrease Slight decrease Increase Slight increase Increase AS PE Module 1 BMF

Activity If, when you are resting, you inspire 500ml and inhale every six seconds If, when you forcibly exhale to a maximum having just breathed out, you blow out another 1850ml. If when you fill your lungs to capacity and breathe out as much as you can, you can exhale 4300ml What would be your 1. Vital Capacity 2. Inspiratory reserve volume 3. Expiratory reserve volume 4. Minute ventilation = 4300ml = 4300 – 1850 – 500ml = 1950ml = 1850ml = 5000ml

Training Effects Average Male 7L/min 110L/min 0.5L 2.75L 5.8L 1.4L Elite End Runner 6L/min 195L/min 0.5L 3.9L 6.2L 1.2L Resp Rates & Vols. Pulmonary Ventilation at Rest Max Pulmonary Ventilation TV at rest Max TV Vital Capacity Residual Volume

Key Training Points Endurance training does not result in enormous changes to lung volumes Slight increase in Vital capacity at the expense of a reduced residual volume Tidal volume appears to be unchanged at rest but does show an increase during maximal exercise

What You Now Know… How lung volumes are worked out Definitions of all the lung capacities Differences in lung capacities and volume between the average male and the elite endurance athlete The effects of training on lung volumes/capacities