The Jacksonian Impulse Chapter 11 The Jacksonian Impulse

APUSH PowerPoint #4.3 (Part 1 of 3) Unit #4 – Overlapping Revolutions Chapter 9 BFW Textbook TOPIC – Jacksonian Democracy [1825-1845]

I. The Start of Jackson’s Presidency

A. The Nation in 1828

A. The Nation in 1828 (Cont’d…) Population (13 million people) a. German & Irish Immigration b. Population doubling every 20 years Demand for Cotton (Internally & Exports) Textile Boom in New England British Investment in the United States Transportation Revolution

A. The Nation in 1828 (Cont’d…) Surge in Materialism, Social Status, & Political Power Equality of Opportunity v. Equality of Outcome a. “True republicanism requires that every man shall have an equal chance – that every man shall be free to become as unequal as he can.” b. Commoner’s ascension to the Presidency.

B. Andrew Jackson Family Background a. Fatherless Personal Ambition b. Mother died when he was 15 c. Injured in the Revolution Personal Ambition a. Tough and soldier’s leader (“Old Hickory”) b. Duelist

President Andrew Jackson 7th President 1829—1837 Party: Democratic Home State: Tennessee Vice President: John C. Calhoun & Martin Van Buren

President Andrew Jackson Domestic Indian Removal Act of 1830 “Nullification Crisis” (1830—1832) (Second) National Bank War (1832--1837) “Trail of Tears” (1836—37) Formed the Democratic Party (1832) Nickname – “Old Hickory” Foreign Texas Revolution (1835) Annexation Debate over Texas (1835—1837)

C. Conflicts & Rivalries Appointments a. Limited time in office (return to private life) b. Replaced fewer than 20% of officials while president Political Rivalry a. Martin Van Buren v. John C. Calhoun b. Southern agricultural interests v. Northern commercialism

C. Conflicts & Rivalries (Cont’d…) Peggy Eaton Affair Internal Improvements a. Maysville Road (Federal government purchase of stock in the project) Veto b. Support of National Road

II. Nullification Controversy

A. South Carolina & the Tariff “Nullification Crisis” (1830—1833) a. South Carolina threatened to nullify the Tariff of 1828 (also known as the “Tariff of Abominations”). b. Jackson threatened to send troops. c. John C. Calhoun resigned from the Vice- Presidency to return to South Carolina.

B. Calhoun’s Theory Theory of Nullification a. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions b. South Carolina Exposition & Protest c. Constitutionality?

C. Webster-Hayne Debate Debating in Defense of Sections (1830) a. Robert Hayne (SC Senator) -- Interposition -- “Compact Theory” of the Constitution b. Daniel Webster (MA Senator) -- Nationalist position of the Constitution -- “Liberty & Union”

D. Jackson & Calhoun Issues Between the President & Vice President a. Jackson’s opposition to nullification b. Calhoun’s letter (1818) Calhoun’s Resignation a. Jackson’s nominates Van Buren b. Calhoun’s leadership on nullification

E. Tariff Reductions Potential Compromise

F. South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification Mobilization of South Carolina Militia

G. Jackson’s Reaction To Enforce Tariff Nullification an “Impractical Absurdity”

H. Henry Clay’s Compromise Tariff Reduction Force Bill Compromise of 1830

END This is the end of PPT 4.3 (Part 1) See PPT 4.3 (Parts 2-3) complete this topic.