Ancient Rome Roman Roads & Architecture

Essential Standards 6.C.1 Explain how the behaviors and practices of individuals and groups influenced societies, civilizations and regions. 6.H.2 Understand the political, economic and/or social significance of historical events, issues, individuals and cultural groups. 6.G.1Understand geographic factors that influenced the emergence, expansion and decline of civilizations, societies and regions (i.e. Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas) over time.

Clarifying Objectives 6.C.1.1 Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., oral traditions, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture). 6.H.2.2 Compare historical and contemporary events and issues to understand continuity and change. 6.H.2.3 Explain how innovation and/or technology transformed civilizations, societies and regions over time (e.g., agricultural technology, weaponry, transportation and communication). 6.G.1.4 Explain how and why civilizations, societies and regions have used, modified and adapted to their environments (e.g., invention of tools, domestication of plants and animals, farming techniques and creation of dwellings).

Essential Questions What architectural innovation/invention was key to building anything in Rome? How does the historical event of the invention of CEMENT/CONCRETE relate to todays buildings? What affect did the TRANSPORTATIONAL innovation have on all of Rome? How did the Romans adapt to their physical environment to provide water to every Roman citizen?

Culture Culture is how civilizations separate themselves from other civilizations It is what they do that is different from what other civilizations do It is how groups of people express their VALUES & BELIEFS Culture includes dance, literature, oral traditions, art, music & architecture

Roman Architecture Roman Architecture is known to have two characteristics… Arches allowed much more weight to be put on a surface because the weight would be SPREAD OUT EVENLY Domes allowed for VAULTED CEILINGS for the first time which looked amazing & grandiose

Story of Roman Architecture Story of the Roman Architecture starts with the Emperor Claudio Claudio even though he is the Emperor must keep his people (citizens of Rome) happy Rome has fallen on hard times There is a food shortage & Rome needs 200,000 tons of grain each year to feed its people

Draught in Rome A severe draught that has lasted 3 years Crops have dried up a Roman citizens are going hungry This is putting pressure on Emperor Claudio to do something to make the citizens happy Romes last Emperor was assassinated when the people became angry

Fighting Breaks Out Claudio starts breadlines to feed the hungry citizens of Rome There is not enough bread to go around Fighting breaks out The Emperors life is in danger & he must do something to win the approval of the people

Roman Aqueducts Roman Aqueducts will carry water to all of Rome It will cost equivalent 8.3 billion dollars in todays money Roman engineers carve a route through 45 miles of countryside (through mountains & over valleys)

Concrete/Cement Arches are built with a brand new state of the art material just invented by the Romans called CONCRETE/CEMENT Key ingredient for CEMENT was volcanic ash Because Rome was surrounded by 50 volcanoes this was easy to get atch?v=qxpTXvVyiSo atch?v=qxpTXvVyiSo 10:23-11:10

Essential Questions Get with a partner and answer…. What architectural innovation/invention was key to building anything in Rome?

Gravity Powered Aqueducts Aqueducts are powered by gravity They need to drop one foot down for every 300 miles across that it is built More than a foot & water will overflow, less than a foot the water will not make it to the city

Gravity Powered Aqueducts This way the water from the mountains will flow down to the city of Rome Very much like the Qanat System

Roman Aqueducts Finished 14 years to build 400,000 blocks of Cement stone 6 million feet of Cement Concrete Deliver 250 million gallons of water per day… – 1300 water fountains – 900 baths – 144 public toilets ows/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us/videos/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us- aqueducts ows/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us/videos/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us- aqueducts

Essential Questions Get with a partner and answer…. How did the Romans adapt to their physical environment to provide water to every Roman citizen?

Emperor Wins Roman Approval Best way to win back approval from the people is to build something magnificent He begins construction on the first Roman AQUEDUCTS which will bring water to all of Rome The crowd of Romans cheer!! /watch?v=qxpTXvVyiSo /watch?v=qxpTXvVyiSo 11:10-13:07

Rome Becomes ADVANCED Aqueducts make the city of Rome the most advanced city of its time Apartment Complexes Sewage System sweeps waste away Police/Fire Stations 30 libraries 3 theaters 80 temples (churches) m/watch?v=qxpTXvVyiS o m/watch?v=qxpTXvVyiS o 13:12-14:00

Famous Roman Architecture Using Roman Arches & Roman Does engineers build… – Pantheon – Coliseum – Forum – Baths of Agrippa – Theater of Pompeii

Roman Roads Roman roads were an extremely important piece of Roman Architecture Roads CONNECTED ALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE With each new conquered territory a Roman Road would be built

Roman Road Roman Road was 23 feet across This was so their army could always march on it Built by Roman soldiers after they conquered someone atch?v=qxpTXvVyiSo atch?v=qxpTXvVyiSo 21:07-21:16 ows/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us/videos/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us- roman- roads?m= baf036&s =All&f=1&free=false ows/mankind-the-story-of- all-of-us/videos/mankind- the-story-of-all-of-us- roman- roads?m= baf036&s =All&f=1&free=false

Essential Questions Get with a partner and answer…. How does the historical event of the invention of CEMENT/CONCRETE relate to todays buildings? What affect did the TRANSPORTATIONAL innovation have on all of Rome?

EOG Questions According to the picture, how did ancient societies change their environment to bring water into cities? A) abacus B) aqueducts C) sundial D) columns

Important Points 6.C.1.1 (Architecture) Roman Architecture is characterized by two things [arches] & [Domes] 6.H.2.2 (Historical vs. Contemporary Events) Romans invented CEMENT/CONCRETE when building the aqueducts & today most of the buildings in the world are still built using CONCRETE/CEMENT 6.H.2.3 (Transportation Innovation) Romans built roads to CONNECT the empire. All roads led to Rome 6.G.1.4 (Adapting to physical environment) Romans built AQUEDUCTS so they could draw water from the mountains for all of Rome