Volcanoes When the earth burps.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes When the earth burps

Volcano parts

Volcanism Any movement of magma inside Earth is called volcanism.

How Volcanoes Form Volcanoes form over subduction zones. As one plate moves under another, it breaks up and becomes part of the mantle. A magma chamber is formed and the hot magma rises to the surface – breaking through the crust where it deposits lava – forming a cone and becoming a VOLCANO.

How subduction works http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0902/es0902page01.cfm

Crater At the top of a volcanic cone there may be a deep pit. This pit is called a crater. It forms as material is blown out of the volcano’s vent.

Calderas When a volcano explodes, it leaves a huge, hollow shell. The walls of the crater may fall back into the vent, leaving a gaping hole called a caldera.

The Story of Paricutin In 1943, a farmer in Mexico saw a mountain form.

The Story of Paricutin A few weeks later, cracks, called fissures, appeared and widened. Hot gases began spewing out of the fissures.

The Story of Paricutin After several months, a volcanic cone about 400 m high had formed.

Now Showing Paricutin: Mountain of Doom

Volcanoes Classifying by Eruption: Volcanoes may be classified as quiet or explosive. Different kinds of volcanic eruptions form different types of volcanic cones.

Volcanoes Shield Cones Cinder Cones Composite Cones There are three types of volcanic cones: Shield Cones Cinder Cones Composite Cones

Volcanoes Shield Cones This type of volcano is made up of layers of hardened lava. It’s name is derived from its shape, it looks like a shield lying flat on the ground.

Volcanoes Cinder Cone Cinder cone volcanoes have steep sides and narrow bases.

Volcanoes Composite This type of cone is made up of layers of lava and rock particles. A very high, wide volcanic cone with steep sides.

2 Types of Lava There are two types of lava that come from volcanic eruptions. Hawaiian’s have named them, Pahoehoe and Aa Aa.

Pahoehoe is basaltic lava that has a smooth, billowy, undulating, or ropy surface. These surface features are due to the movement of very fluid lava.

Aa Aa basaltic lava characterized by a rough or chunky surface composed of broken lava blocks. It probably got it’s name from Hawaiian’s walking on it and cutting their feet.

Can you identify the two types of lava?

Volcanoes THE END