Chapter 31 Special Education Services Overview Services and support available for children with disabilities Components of an individualized education program (IEP) History of special education services Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004, No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), other legislation Roles of special education (SE) teacher Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction IDEA 2004: specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents, meet unique needs of child with disability Includes Direct educational instruction Related services (therapies) Paraprofessional support Consultation Individualized services Zero-reject for free appropriate public education in least restrictive environment (LRE) Pre-1975: children’s needs not fully met Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Case Study: John 18 mos.: walk/speak first word Toddler: speech therapy under IFSP, IDEA, part C Kindergarten: significant delays Assessed: mild intellectual disabilities Eligible for SE services IEP Plan developed Inclusive class with SE teacher Speech-language therapist Transition IEP at age 16 Job coach from Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation: summer job Age 21: diploma and job Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Eligibility for Special Education IDEA 2004: physical, cognitive, behavioral impairment Examples: intellectual disability, vision/hearing impairments, traumatic brain injury Autism fastest growing Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 Zero-reject; eliminate barriers Covers some excluded by IDEA (e.g., HIV, pregnancy) ADHD: IDEA or Section 504? Individual assessment/team decision Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Eligibility for Special Education (continued) Other factors: Nondiscriminatory assessment and eligibility Overrepresentation Evaluation under discrepancy model (“wait to fail”) Response to intervention (RTI; three-tier model) Evaluation under RTI Dual discrepancy model Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Special Education: A Description Accommodations and modifications Accommodations: changes in access but not content Modifications: changes in content Inclusion practices Students with disabilities educated alongside students without Specialized instruction methods Cooperative learning, peer tutoring Direct instruction, cognitive strategy instruction Related services Therapies, transportation, social work services, counseling, and others Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

The Individualized Education Program Usually yearly plan, modified as needed Format and content Statements of goals, services, modifications, and more Personnel Team: parents, child, educators, therapists, and others Establishment of the LRE General education classroom best beginning point Annual goals and benchmarks Academic/nonacademic, short-term objectives Transition IEP By age 16 or sooner Post-secondary goals and transition services Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Services Provided by Special Education Teachers Mission: Instruct/support student to access curriculum Prepare student for life after school Mostly direct instruction, then Creating/adapting/modifying materials Maintaining IDEA documentation Collaborating with general education (GE) teachers Lead IEP development Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Special Education Teacher in the General Education Curriculum Data-based decision maker Implementer of evidence-based interventions Differentiator of instruction Implementer and facilitator of socioemotional/behavior supports Collaborator Supervisor of paraprofessionals Co-teacher Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

General Education Legislation Affecting Special Education Teachers Highly qualified teachers Bachelor’s degree, full state certification, subject knowledge High-quality instruction Proven with evidence-based research High-stakes testing All students tested; failing schools penalized Students with disabilities: 1% use alternative assessment Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

The School–Parent Connection School–parent teamwork key Parent participation important Parent attendance at IEP meetings is strong, though not perfect Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Outcomes $12,400/student with a disability versus $8,000/GE student per year Standard diploma: 56% students with disabilities versus 69% GE students Unemployment: 14.5% for people with disabilities versus 8.4% for people without More than half students receiving SE are hopeful about their future Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary SE provides instruction/supplemental supports for unique educational needs Mandated by federal law Provided by SE teachers and other discipline professionals IEP defines scope of instruction/support Services provided in LRE IDEA 2004: federal legislation of diagnosis, provision of services Section 504 legislation: wider coverage NCLB: New qualifications for SE teachers Research-based instruction Inclusion in high-stakes testing RTI: innovation for struggling learners, defining specific learning disability Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.