Speaking C Danielsen

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Warm Up Taboo

Idioms/Pronunciation Lesson 2 (Essential Idioms on English)

To dress up to wear formal clothes, to dress very nicely We should definitely dress up to go to the theater. You don’t have to dress up to go to Carmen’s party.

at last finally, after a long time We waited for hours and then the train arrived at last. Now that I am sixteen, at last I can drive my parents’ car.

as usual as is the general case, as is typical Lina is early for class as usual. This seems to happen everyday. As usual, Jack received first prize in the swimming contest. It’s the third consecutive year that he has won.

to find out get information about, to determine (S) Will you please try to find out what time the airplane arrives? I’ll call right now to find it out.

to look at give one’s attention to; to watch The teacher told us to look at the board and not at our books. I like to walk along a country road at night and look at the stars.

to look for to try to find, to search for He’s spent over an hour looking for the pen that he lost. There you are! We’ve looked all over for you!

all right (inf.: alright) acceptable, fine, yes, okay He said that it would be all right to wait in her office until she returned. Do you want me to turn off the TV? Alright, if you insist.

all along all the time, from the beginning (without change) She knew all along that we’d never agree with his plan. Did you know all along that I’d give you a birthday present, or were you surprised?

little by little(also: step by step) gradually, slowly Maria’s health seems to be improving little by little. If you study regularly each day, step by step your vocabulary will increase.

to tire out(S) (to wear out) to make very weary due to difficult conditions or hard effort The hot weather tired out the runners in the marathon. Does studying for exams tire you out? It makes me feel worn out.

to spend time (S) to do an activity over a period of time Chris would rather spend time playing League of Legends than doing homework. I spent too much time on getting ready this morning, so I was late for work.

never mind don’t be concerned about it, ignore what I just said When he spilled his drink on my coat, I said, “ Never mind. It needs to be cleaned anyway.” So you weren’t listening to me again. Never mind; it wasn’t important.

Let’s Talk 3: “Communication”

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EL Civics Reported Speech and embedded questions Exercise 4, 5, and 6

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech

Rumors and Gossip Really! Viktor told me that students could eat in his class. Larisa said that the new teacher had given all the students an A last semester. Wow! Yeah, I heard he was an easy teacher. No, what is it? Maria said that the new teacher didn’t give any homework. Have you heard the latest gossip about the new teacher? Screen 3

Indirect Speech 1 When the reporting verb is in the simple past, the verb tense in the indirect speech statement often changes. Direct Speech Indirect Speech Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Tense Present Perfect  Simple Past  Past Progressive Screen 4  Past Perfect  Past Perfect

Examples 1 “The teacher is strict.” She said the teacher was strict. He said the teacher was giving everyone an A. Screen 5 [JA: Bottom right bubble: needs to be increased so “everyone” is on same line] “The teacher is giving everyone an A.”

Examples 2 She said somebody had put the final exam on the Internet. “Somebody put the final exam on the Internet.” “The teacher has graded our grammar tests.” Screen 6 Joe said the teacher had graded our grammar tests.

Practice 1 Example: Change the direct speech into indirect speech. “My friend is helping me study.” She said… She said her friend was helping her study. 1. “The library is closed.” He said… 2. “We have registered for classes.” They said… 3. “She got an A on the test.” You said… He said the library was closed. Screen 7 They said they had registered for classes. You said she had gotten an A on the test.

Indirect Speech 2 Modals often change in indirect speech.  would will can may must  would Screen 8  could  might  had to

Examples 1 “The test will be difficult.” He said the test would be difficult. Screen 9 “You can use your notes on the test.” She said we could use our notes on the test.

Examples 2 “We may have a substitute teacher.” She said we might have a substitute teacher. Screen 10 “You must study hard for the final exam.” She said we had to study hard for the final exam.

Practice 2 Example: Change the direct speech into indirect speech. “You can relax about the exam.” She said… She said I could relax about the exam. 1. “We’ll help you with your homework.” They said… 2. “Anna must finish her paper.” He said… 3. “She may take a different class.” You said… They said they would help me with my homework. Screen 11 He said Anna had to finish her paper. You said she might take a different class.

Indirect Speech 3 The following modals do not change in indirect speech: should, could, might, and ought to. “You shouldn’t tell this secret to anyone.” She said I shouldn’t tell this secret to anyone. Screen 12 “You ought to tell this to a friend.” ! He said I ought to tell this to a friend.

Indirect Speech 4 The following do not change in indirect speech: the past perfect, the present and past unreal conditional, and past modals. He said he thought he had chosen the easy teacher. He said he could have gotten help from a tutor. He said if he had studied, he would have gotten an A. “I could have gotten help from a tutor.” “If I had studied, I would have gotten an A.” “I thought I had chosen the easy teacher.” Screen 13 [JA: Bubbles on right side: Where there’s a shadow, I can see some outline of a letter, unlike the left side...could that be avoided?]

Practice 3 Change the direct speech into indirect speech. Example: “We ought to study some more.” He said… He said we ought to study some more. 1. “If I knew, I would tell you.” She said… 2. “I might have known the test was difficult.” He said… 3. “She had had that teacher before.” We said… She said if she knew, she would tell me. Screen 14 He said he might have known the test was difficult. We said she had had that teacher before.

Change here and this to reflect the speaker’s original meaning Here -----> there This ---- that

Indirect Instructions, Commands, Requests, and Invitations

Indirect Instructions, Commands, Requests, and Invitations

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech

EL Civics Find a partner for an interview (p. 10) Take turns interviewing each other Be sure to write down your partner’s answers

Homework EL Civics Packet p 10 and 11 Enjoy your 4th of July