The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd Japan Advancement in Lead-Acid Battery Technology and the UltraBattery for Micro-HEV and Renewable Energy Storage Applications 7th International Battery Expo & Recycling Conference IBRX India - 2015 Goa 4th March  2015, Marriott Goa, India Dr. Jun Furukawa Senior Fellow General Manager UltraBattery Commercialization Dept. Corporate Planning & Strategy Div. The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd Japan

Presentation Outline 1. Advancement in lead-acid battery technology 2. Enhanced flooded lead acid battery (EFB) and the UltraBattery for micro-HEV applications 3. The UltraBattery for renewable energy storage applications 4. Conclusions

Presentation Outline 1. Advancement in lead-acid battery technology 2. Enhanced flooded lead acid battery (EFB) and the UltraBattery for micro-HEV applications 3. The UltraBattery for renewable energy storage applications 4. Conclusions

Performance improvement measures 1) PAM Softening ▪ Positive Plate : Alloy, Grid Design Additives, Density PAM Structure 2) Pos. Grid Corrosion ▪ Negative Plate : Additives, Grid Design NAM Structure ▪ Electrolyte 3) NAM Sulfation : Additives, S.G. ▪ Separator (AGM) : Elasticity, Pore Structure ▪ Assembly 4) Charge Acceptability : Compression

1) PAM softening ⇒ Control the crystal structure Additives suppress PbO2 crystal coarsening (softening) and shedding SEM observation of PbO2 microstructure Initial state After cycle testing PAM crystal particles coarsening　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　⇒ Softening and shedding PAM keeps finer crystal particles ⇒ Suppress softening Without additive With additive

1) PAM softening : Effect of additive Number of cycles ・Battery type:12V-50Ah ・Discharge:1CA,21min ・Charge:multi step charge,104% 10HR Capacity Ratio(%) Additive A>No Additive

1) PAM softening : Effect of PAM density Number of cycles 20HR Capacity Ratio(%) 4.5g/cc> 4.4g/cc> 4.3g/cc ・Battery type:2V-2Ah ・Discharge:0.25CA,2hr ・Charge:2step CC,110%

1) PAM softening : Effect of compression (AGM) Number of cycles 10HR Capacity Ratio(%) ・Battery type:2V-17Ah ・Discharge:1CA,21min ・Charge:multi step charge,104% 60kPa>30kPa

A>B>C 1) PAM softening : Mechanical elasticity of AGM separator Number of cycles Initial thickness ratio(%) A>B>C

1) PAM softening : Pore structure of AGM separator

A>B>C 1) PAM softening : AGM separator 20HR Capacity Ratio(%) ・Battery type:2V-17Ah ・Discharge:1CA,21min ・Charge:multi step charge,104% Number of cycles

C21 alloy (Ba-added Pb-Ca-Sn alloy) 2) Positive grid corrosion and growth C21 alloy (Ba-added Pb-Ca-Sn alloy)

2) Optimized positive grid design by computer aided engineering (CAE) Conventional Optimized

Accelerated sulfation test 3) NAM sulfation and 4) charge acceptability : Additive for electrolyte PbSO4 crystal modifier ➣ Disordered crystal shape ➣ Finer crystals Accelerated sulfation test Non additive Before testing After testing With additive

3) NAM sulfation and 4) Charge acceptability Expander : Conductive carbon C.B. 1.0%> C.B. 0.4%> No Additive ・Battery type:12V-50Ah ・Discharge:1CA,21min ・Charge:multi step charge,104% Number of cycles 10HR Capacity Ratio(%)

3) NAM sulfation and 4) Charge acceptability Expander : BaSO4 and Lignosulfonate

Presentation Outline 1. Advancement in lead-acid battery technology 2. Enhanced flooded lead acid battery (EFB) and the UltraBattery for micro-HEV applications 3. The UltraBattery for renewable energy storage applications 4. Conclusions

Global Fuel Economy Regulations Global Passenger Vehicle Powertrain Scenario Source: IEA2011 & Continental 48V eco-Hybrid Systems

Honda and Suzuki adopted Furukawa Battery’s EFB in 2012.

Hierarchy of lead acid battery technologies The UltraBattery technology can truly exert its ability only in a lead-acid battery with higher performance. Conventional lead-acid Advanced lead-acid UltraBattery

Actual configuration of the UltraBattery ・Capacitor layer coating ・Similar assembly process to conventional battery

The UltraBattery products ➣ The flooded type UltraBattery for the aftermarket ➣ M-42, N-55, Q-85 and S-95, released in April 2013 ➣ Honda adopted the Q-85-size flooded type UltraBattery for Odyssey Absolute vehicle released in November 2013

DCA cycle life test under 80% SOC The flooded type UltraBattery shows around two times longer life compared with EFB (Enhanced Flooded Battery )

Presentation Outline 1. Advancement in lead-acid battery technology 2. Enhanced flooded lead acid battery (EFB) and the UltraBattery for micro-HEV applications 3. The UltraBattery for renewable energy storage applications 4. Conclusions

The stationary UltraBattery for renewable energy storage applications UB1000 1000Ah@10HR 2-V, 2,000Wh UB500 500Ah@10HR 2-V, 1,000Wh UB100-6 100Ah@10HR 6-V, 600Wh

Advantages of the UltraBattery ✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Results of HR-PSOC Cycle Test 0.5C10A capacity test (when EOCV reaches 2.45 V)

The UltraBattery energy storage system in Iwaki Plant ※1Battery Condition Watcher ※2Battery Management Unit

The UltraBattery energy storage system in Iwaki Plant

Presentation Outline 1. Advancement in lead-acid battery technology 2. Enhanced flooded lead acid battery (EFB) and the UltraBattery for micro-HEV applications 3. The UltraBattery for renewable energy storage applications 4. Conclusions

Conclusions 1. The Furukawa Battery developed advanced technology for automotive and stationary lead-acid batteries. 2. The flooded type UltraBattery exhibits excellent performance. 3. The flooded type UltraBattery suppresses fuel consumption of the stop/start vehicle. 4. The flooded type UltraBattery was adopted by Honda Odyssey Absolute vehicle released in November 2013 in Japan. 5. The Furukawa Battery released the stationary UltraBattery energy storage system in 2013. 6. The Battery Monitoring Unit (BMU) has been developed in 2014.

Thank you for your kind attention Dr. Jun Furukawa Senior Fellow General Manager UltraBattery Commercialization Dept. Corporate Planning & Strategy Div. The Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd Japan j-furukawa@furukawadenchi.co.jp Thank you for your kind attention