Types of Chemical Reactions Chapter 8

Types of Chemical Reactions General Equations Combination aka synthesis A + B  AB There are five general types of chemical reactions. 1.- Combination reaction: Two or substances combine to form a single substance Example: 2 K + Cl2  2 KCL

Decomposition AB  A + B Decomposition Reaction: A single compound is broken down into two or more products. The products can be any combination of elements and compounds. Example: CaCO3  CaO + CO2 2 H2O  2 H2 + O2

Single- Replacement Reaction AKA single- displacement A + BC  AC + B Single-Replacement Reaction: One element replaces a second element in a compound. Examples Mg + Zn(NO3)2  Mg(NO3)2 + Zn Mg + LiNO3  No reaction AgNO3 + Cu  CuNO3 + Ag

Double- Replacement AKA double- displacement AB + CD -> AD + CB Precipitate Double-Replacement: Involves an exchange of positive ions between two reaction compounds. Usually, between two ionic compounds in aqueous solutions, and often are characterized by the production (formation) of a precipitate(a solid).

Combustion Reaction: Hydrocarbon Combustion Reaction CXHY + O2CO2 + H2O Combustion Reaction: An element of compound reacts with oxygen often producing energy as heat and light. Combustion reactions commonly involve hydrocarbons. The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water. Examples: 2 Mg + O2  2 MgO CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O