AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 15n 26o CLASS NOTES STATE ORGANIZATION AND NATIONAL POWER

To understand State power… Look at traits of state & Relationships between states Colonialism Era projects European power structure to the rest of the world

Political Geography How do people claim ownership of a particular place? What happens when more than one group of people claim the same space? Why are some country’s borders so strange?

First Wave Colonization

The Second Wave of Colonization The “Scramble for Africa”

Nations colonize… WHY / HOW?? to make money!!! Economy / Trade usually =‘s country’s power

GEOPOLITICS Study of international political relationships & the territorial / environmental context which they occur Economic power is key to political power

ORGANIC THEORY Friedrich Ratzel- developed “organic theory” to understand geopolitics States are living organisms “Consume” others to survive How???

WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY Immanuel Wallerstien World is interlocked system of states Developing countries (Periphery) are dependent on Developed (Core) (C-P Model) Can you argue Counter Dependent???

Core / Periphery / Semi-Periphery

Character of the State CORE AREA – (C-P Model) National heartland from which “state” spread Largest Pop. Cluster Usually contains capital Most productive region Central & accessible

World Conquest Theory… HEARTLAND THEORY Sir Halford Mackinder Land Power = World Conquest Eurasia = “World Island” Defense / Resources / Manpower Rise of SOVIET UNION seemed to prove this theory Who rules East Europe commands heartland, Who rules the heartland commands the world island, who rules the world island commands the world

RIMLAND THEORY Nicolas Spykman Eurasian RIM is key – Coastal Sea Power = Colonization/World Power Alliances to “contain” Heartland Who controls the rimland rules Eurasia, Who rules Eurasia rules the world

USA “Contains” Communism Neither predicted rising importance of American country (U.S.)

Capital City – Political nerve center of the country (seat of Gov’t)

Primate City – Country’s largest city – representing best the national culture (usually capital) Mexico City London Paris Tokyo

Mexico City

Paris

London

New London CBD