5.4 Settling the Middle Colonies pp. 137-140

Objectives: Identify the first settlers in the Middle Colonies. Summarize English control of the Middle Colonies.

Review: 14. What did the Roanoke colony become known as and why? 15. Define joint stock company— 16. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? 17. What are some factors that led to starvation in Jamestown? 18. Who stepped forward to take charge of Jamestown? 19. Which Native American is credited with saving John Smith’s life? 20. What plant changed the fortunes of Jamestown (and who introduced it)? 21. Define indentured servant— 22. What was the name of the first representative lawmaking assembly in the English colonies? 23. Define royal colony—

Review: 24. Who were the Puritans? 25. Who were the Separatists (and what did they call themselves)? 26. What was the name of the Pilgrim ship? 27. What was the name of the agreement the Pilgrims made before they set foot on land? 28. Who was the Pilgrim leader? 29. Where did the Pilgrims finally settle? 30. Who taught the Pilgrims how to hunt, farm, and fish? 31. What holiday do we trace back to the Pilgrims at Plymouth?

Review: 32. What colony did the Puritans establish? 33. Who was the Puritan leader at Massachusetts Bay? 34. What were three of Roger Williams’ “dangerous” ideas? 35. What colony did Roger Williams establish? 36. Who believed people could speak directly to God without the need for ministers and churches? 37. What colony did Thomas Hooker establish? 38. What is the name of the first constitution to be written in the Americas?

A. New Netherland and New Sweden (pp. 137-138) In 1626 Peter Minuit paid Native Americans about $24 for Manhattan Island (New Amsterdam; now NYC). Anyone who brought 50 Dutch settlers to New Amsterdam was given a huge tract of land. Although Sweden is credited with introducing the log cabin to the Americas, the Dutch saw New Sweden as a rival for trade and seized the colony in 1655.

B. New Netherland Becomes New York (p. 138) In 1664 the English king Charles II sent his younger brother, James, the Duke of York, to seize the Dutch colony of New Netherland. The peg-legged Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant, tried to get his colonists to fight back, but they were tired of his bad temper and many refused. New Amsterdam was renamed New York in honor of the Duke of York.

C. New Jersey (p. 139) New York was a proprietary colony, a type awarded to one person or a group of people by the king. New York was too large for the Duke of York to manage alone, so he gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to two friends—Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. In 1702 this area became a royal colony called New Jersey.

D. The Quakers (pp. 139-140) Members of a religious group called the Society of Friends, or Quakers, were strong believers in tolerance for all people. They believed that all people—whether rich or poor—were equal in the sight of God. They refused to take oaths or pay taxes; believed in the near equality of the sexes; and opposed war, slavery and the mistreatment of Native Americans.

E. Pennsylvania (p. 140) The founder of Pennsylvania was a prominent Quaker named William Penn. The proprietary colony of Pennsylvania (“Penn’s Woods”) was the king’s repayment for a loan from Penn’s father. Many other Europeans were attracted to Pennsylvania, particularly people from Germany, who became known as the “Pennsylvania Dutch.”

NOT WILLIAM PENN!

F. Delaware (p. 140) To give Pennsylvania’s farmers access to Atlantic seaports, Penn received a grant of three counties along the Delaware River. Many of the settlers did not want to be united with Pennsylvania. These counties later broke away and formed the separate colony of Delaware.

Review: 39. Which governor of New Netherland purchased Manhattan Island from Native Americans for about $24? 40. Which European nation is credited with introducing the log cabin to the Americas? 41. Which unpopular governor of New Netherland had trouble rallying his colony to fight off the English? 42. What did the English rename New Netherland after they captured it? 43. Define proprietary colony— 44. What were some of the “unusual” ideas and practices of the Quakers? 45. What colony did William Penn found?