Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Classifying Reactions Do Now: Balance these chemical reactions. 1. GaF3 + Na2SO3 → NaF + Ga2(SO3)3 2. Sn(OH)2 + HBr → H2O + SnBr2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

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5 Types of Chemical Reactions Combination Decomposition Classifying Reactions 5 Types of Chemical Reactions Combination Decomposition Single-replacement Double-replacement Combustion. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

A + B AB 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO Combination Reactions Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions Two or more substances react to form a single new substance. A + B AB 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

A + B AB Combination Reactions Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions Two or more substances react to form a single new substance. A + B AB Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Combination Reactions Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions When a Group A metal and a nonmetal react, the product is a binary ionic compound. 2K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s) Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Combination Reactions Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions When two nonmetals react in a combination reaction, more than one product is often possible. S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g) sulfur dioxide 2S(s) + 3O2(g) → 2SO3(s) sulfur trioxide Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Combination Reactions Classifying Reactions Combination Reactions More than one product may also result from a transition metal and nonmetal. Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s) iron(II) sulfide 2Fe(s) + 3S(g) → Fe2S3(s) iron(III) sulfide Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB A + B 2 BaO 2Ba + O2 Decomposition Reactions Classifying Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound breaks down into two or more products. AB A + B 2 BaO 2Ba + O2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB A + B Decomposition Reactions Classifying Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound breaks down into two or more products. AB A + B Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Writing Equations for Combination and Decomposition Reactions Sample Problem 11.4 Writing Equations for Combination and Decomposition Reactions Write a balanced equation for: Combination of copper and sulfur: Cu(s) + S(s) → (two reactions possible) Decomposition of water: H2O(l) electricity Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

For Copper(I): 2Cu(s) + S(s) → Cu2S(s) Sample Problem 11.4 For Copper(I): 2Cu(s) + S(s) → Cu2S(s) For Copper(II): Cu(s) + S(s) → CuS(s) b. 2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g) Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A Single Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A Single Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A MgCl2 + 2Na Mg + 2NaCl Classifying Reactions Single Replacement Reactions One element replaces a second element in a compound (based on activity series). AB + C AC + B AB + C C B + A MgCl2 + 2Na Mg + 2NaCl 2HCl + F2 2HF + Cl2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Activity Series of Metals Classifying Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions Whether one metal will displace another metal from a compound depends upon the relative reactivities of the two metals. Activity Series of Metals Name Symbol Lithium Li Calcium Ca Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Aluminum Al Zinc Zn Iron Fe Lead Pb Copper Cu Mercury Hg Silver Ag Decreasing reactivity The activity series of metals lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity. A reactive metal will replace any metal listed below it in the activity series. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 17

Single-Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions A halogen can also replace another halogen from a compound. The activity of halogens decreases as you go down Group 7A of the periodic table—fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Bromine is more active than iodine, so this reaction occurs: Br2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) → 2NaBr(aq) + I2(aq) But bromine is less active than chlorine, so this reaction does not occur: Br2(aq) + NaCl(aq) → No reaction Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + CD AD + CB Double-Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Reactant cations exchange places to form new compounds AB + CD AD + CB Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

AB + CD AD + CB Double-Replacement Reactions Classifying Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds AB + CD AD + CB MgSO4 + K2CO3 K2SO4 + MgCO3 MgCl2 + 2HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + 2HCl Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbI2 + 2KNO3(aq) Classifying Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbI2 + 2KNO3(aq) This is an example of a double-replacement reaction, which is a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds. Double-replacement reactions are also referred to as double-displacement reactions. They generally take place in aqueous solution and often produce a precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Classifying Reactions Combustion Reactions A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (in the form of heat and light). CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Classifying Reactions Now that you have learned about some of the basic reaction types, you can predict the products of many reactions. The number of elements and/or compounds reacting is a good indicator of possible reaction type and, thus, possible products. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

END OF 11.2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.