Atomic Structure What’s in there?.

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Structure What’s in there?

The Atom Nucleus The atom is made up of two general regions. The Nucleus and the Electrons Cloud

The Nucleus - Nucleons The nucleus is the massive center of the atom. It was discovered in 1911, but it took scientists another 21 years of experimenting to identify its parts. These particles are held together by a force called the “Strong Force”.

The Nucleus – Protons Have a positive charge Are made up of three quarks Protons were discovered in 1919 by British physicist Ernest Rutherford Protons have a positive electrical charge of 1.602 x 10-19 coulomb. Protons have a mass of 1.67 x 10-27 kg Quarks were not discovered until 1968. Quarks are held together by gluons.

The Nucleus The nucleus is the massive center of the atom. It was discovered in 1911, but it took scientists another 21 years of experimenting to identify its parts. These particles are held together by a force called the “Strong Force”.

The Nucleus – Neutrons Have a neutral charge Are made up of three quarks British physicist James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932. Neutrons have a mass of 1.6749 x 10-27 kg.

The Nucleus – Atomic Mass + The atomic mass of an atoms is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons that are present in the atom’s nucleus. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

The Atom Electron Cloud The atom is made up of two general regions. The Nucleus and the Electrons Cloud

The Electron Cloud - Electrons Have a negative charge Are easily removed The Electron Cloud contains all of the electrons in the atoms. In 1897 the British physicist Sir Joseph J. Thomson discovered electrons. It is easy to strip an electron away from an atom and use them for electrical power and in devices like televisions sets. Electrons carry a negative electric charge of –1.602 x 10-19 coulomb Electrons have a mass of 9.109 x 10-31 kg Electrons have a radius of 2.82 x 10-15 m Electrons are extremely small and very light. Therefore they contribute no mass to the overall mass of an atom.

Stacking Up 1 proton 1,836 electrons

Going the Distance If this basketball were the nucleus of an atom, how close would the nearest electron be?

Going the Distance 20 miles!!!

Vocabulary Atom Atomic Mass Atomic Number Electron Electron Cloud Proton Nucleon Nucleus