Section 14.1 & 14.2 Review

Human Chromosomes Karyotype – a picture of our chromosomes (each cell would have an identical looking karyotype) How is it made? Photograph cells during mitosis Cut out the chromosomes and group them together in homologous pairs

Karyotypes Male Female

Human Chromosomes Sex Chromosomes – Carry genes that determine the gender of an individual Males - XY (Y determines sex – male genes) Females – XX Often referred to as the 23rd chromosomes

Autosomal Chromosomes Those chromosomes not involved in sex determination Pairs 1-22 Summary Human males referred to as 46XY Human females referred to as 46XX

A B Anti A Anti B Anti A Anti B Type B Blood Type A Blood Type O Blood (Universal Donor) Type AB Blood (Universal Recipient)

How is blood type inherited Type A and B are both dominant = co-dominance Type O is recessive Genotype Phenotype AB Type AB AA or AO Type A BB or BO Type B OO Type O

Blood Groups Safe Transfusions Phenotype (Blood Type Antigen on Red Blood Cell Genotype To From Go to Section:

Rh factor Rh is a protein that also is important in blood transfusions Rh+ is dominant over Rh-

Rh Factor Most of us are Rh + Can become an issue with transfusions and pregnancy If a Rh- mother is married to a Rh+ father, the child can be Rh+ If the child is Rh+ and mother Rh-, the mother’s body will fight the baby like it is an intruder This can cause anemia, brain damage or possibly death The mother can be given meds to counteract this

1. Mother with type A blood (AO) x Father with type B blood (BO). Genotypes ¼ AB ¼ BO ¼ AO ¼ OO A O B O AB BO AO OO Phenotypes ¼ Type AB ¼ Type B ¼ Type A ¼ Type O Mother type O blood x Father with type A. What are all the blood types their children could have? A A A O O O O AO AO AO OO Answer: Type A or Type O