Joints, movements and muscles

Learning Objectives To know the location of different muscles in the body. To name and identify muscles associated with each joint. To be able to analyse movements using knowledge of joints, movements and muscles.

Muscles Identify on the picture the following muscles and colour them in… Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major Trapezius Teres minor Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Wrist flexors Wrist extensors Ilipsoas Gluteus maxiumus, medius and minimus Adductor longus, brevis and magnus Biceps femoris, semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis Tibialis anterior Soleus Gastrocnemius

Joints Using the picture, identify which muscles belong to these joints in the body: Shoulder Elbow Wrist Hip Knee Ankle

Movements Complete the matching pairs tasks for the movement and its definition. Extension Once you think you are done – can you have a go at assigning different movements to the different joints we have already labelled?

Matching Pairs Movement Definition Flexion When a body part moves so that the joint angle is increased (a backwards direction) Extension Shoulder joint moves away from the middle of the body. Horizontal flexion Palm faces upwards or up Horizontal extension Palm faces backwards or down Pronation Unique to the spine – bending the spine sideways Supination When a body part moves so that the joint angle is decreased (a forwards direction). Abduction Limb moves towards midline of the body Adduction The shoulder is flexed and shoulder joint moves towards middle of the body Rotation Foot moves in towards the shin Lateral flexion Foot moves away from the shin and the toes point Dorsiflexion Limb moves away from midline of the body Plantar flexion Articulating bones turns about its longitudinal axis.

Check your work… Movement Definition Flexion When a body part moves so that the joint angle is decreased (a forwards direction). Extension When a body part moves so that the joint angle is increased (a backwards direction) Horizontal flexion The shoulder is flexed and shoulder joint moves towards middle of the body Horizontal extension Shoulder joint moves away from the middle of the body. Pronation Palm faces backwards or down Supination Palm faces upwards or up Abduction Limb moves away from midline of the body Adduction Limb moves towards midline of the body Circumduction The joint stays still while the furthest end moves in a circle Lateral flexion Unique to the spine – bending the spine sideways Dorsiflexion Foot moves in towards the shin Plantar flexion Foot moves away from the shin and the toes point

Movement Analysis

Learning Objectives To know the types of joints located at specific parts of the body. To identify movements possible at these joints. To define and understand keywords in relation to muscles and muscle actions. To be able to analyse movements using knowledge of joints, movements and muscles.

Types of joints

What do these words mean? Agonist Antagonist Fixator Isotonic Isometric Eccentric Concentric Use the textbooks to research what these words mean and give at least 2 examples for each keyword.

Types of muscle contraction Isometric Isotonic Eccentric Concentric

Planes of Movement