Plant-Like Protists Chapter 19 p. 553

Plant-like Protists Plant-like Protists • mostly autotrophic •live in soil, on the bark of trees, in fresh water, and in salt water produce most of the atmospheric oxygen form the base of aquatic food chains reproduce asexually and sexually unicellular, multicellular, or live in colonies

Phylum Euglenophyta Euglenoids •unicellular •contain plant and animal characteristics • plant characteristics • contain chloroplasts • usually autotrophic, may lose chloroplasts and become heterotrophic have a light sensor for photosynthesis • animal characteristics • movement by flagella • no cell wall

Phylum Pyrrophyta (Fire plants) •(usually) unicellular •flagellated (2) •flagellum allows for distinctive spiral to their swimming motion •photosynthetic protists Cell wall Asexual Reproduction Contain Bioluminescence – create light!

Bioluminesence Red Tide Explained

Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) •unicellular, containing two shells called valves ‘skeleton’ made up of silica •yellow-green to golden-brown they store their food as oil instead of carbs, allows them to float at the oceans surface for photosynthesis! •dead organisms used as abrasives (tooth polishes!), reflectives, and filters •make up much of ocean floor Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Example •diatoms

Algae •most unicellular, some multicellular or in colonies •important source of food and oxygen •classified by color and structure • golden algae (Chrysophyta) • green algae (Chlorophyta) • brown algae (Phaeophyta) • red algae (Rhodophyta)

Chrysophyta Golden Algae •mostly autotrophic, can form cysts •most unicellular and flagellated, some filamentous and colonial •grouped by color or color pigments and cell structure •important in petroleum formation Sexual and asexual reproduction Example •Synura, Dinobryon CNN BIOFUEL Biofuel 2015

Chlorophyta Green Algae •unicellular and multicellular •most freshwater, some live on land •thought to be ancestors of plants • contain the same chlorophyll, and cell walls • some have parts that resemble roots, stems, and leaves Freshwater and salt water Both sexual and asexual reproduction • Examples •Volvox – use flagella for movement Video

Volvox

Phaeophyta Brown Algae •multicellular •have parts that resemble roots, stems, and leaves •some are anchored - Laminaria kelp •some float - “sea weed” •important source of iodine • used as food additives or food Sexual and asexual Reproduction Examples •Laminaria, Sargassum

Rhodophyta Red Algae •multicellular - the most complex algae •most marine - some live deeper than most algae •pigments trap “blue light” •important for food, agar, cosmetics and food additives Sexual Reproduction only Examples Porphyra, Gracilaria