CHARLIE L. CLARK, EA Pesticide Registration Review Section (PRRS) Bureau of Scientific Evaluation and Technical Assistance (BSETA) Division of Agricultural Environmental Services (AES) Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (FDACS) (850) 617-7940 charlie.clark@freshfromflorida.com 2/22/2019

FEDERAL LAWS & RULES Federal Insecticide Fungicide & Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA); as amended by Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 150-189

Federal Pesticide Registration All pesticides must be registered by USEPA USEPA reviews information and data from >120 studies and conducts risk assessments and risk mitigation prior to registration Pesticide label instructions = primary mechanism for risk mitigation THE LABEL IS THE LAW

Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Mission: To protect human health and the environment from unreasonable adverse effects resulting from the use of pesticides and to assure that there is a reasonable certainty of no harm from pesticides in the diet of all Americans, especially children. 2/22/2019

STATE LAW & RULES Chapter 487.041, Florida Statutes Rule 5E-2.031

FDACS Registration Reviews Pesticides must be registered for sale in Florida FDACS conducts reviews and risk assessments for special registrations PREC: Multi-agency, technical reviews Florida-specific concerns (e.g., water quality) FDACS conducts risk assessments for pesticides appearing to cause unreasonable adverse effects despite proper use Examples of effects: human health, non-target organisms, endangered species, water quality

Functions REVIEW OF FEDERALLY APPROVED PESTICIDE LABELS BEFORE ACCEPTANCE FOR SALE AND DISTRIBUTION IN FLORIDA REGISTRATION OPTIONS: Register Without Conditions Register With Conditions Deny Registration

TYPES OF PESTICIDES CHEMICAL BIOPESTICIDE ANTIMICROBIAL PEST CONTROL DEVICES 2/22/2019

Pesticide Registration Evaluation Committee (PREC) PREC implements review responsibilities and obtains input from involved FDACS staff and affected state agencies PREC is a technical coordination advisory committee that provides scientific feedback to FDACS

PREC - Membership Bureau of Scientific Evaluation and Technical Assistance – Registration Review, Scientific Evaluation and Technical Assistance Bureau of Licensing and Enforcement – Case Review Section Bureau of Agricultural Environmental Laboratories Bureau of Inspection and Incident Response Division of Food Safety – Chemical Residue Laboratory Florida Department of Environmental Protection Florida Department of Health Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission

James Cooper, PhD, CPSS Environmental Administrator Scientific Evaluation Section Bureau of Scientific Evaluation and Technical Assistance (BSETA) Division of Agricultural Environmental Services (AES) Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (FDACS) (850) 617-7923 James.Cooper@freshfromflorida.com 2/22/2019

Fate on Land Physical Spray Drift Volatilization, evaporation Photodegradation in sunlight Absorption by plant leaves/roots Soil Metabolism-microbial degradation Adsorbed to soil Leaching to subsoil Moving with runoff water Moving with eroding soil Capture by buffer areas Fate in Surface Water Resources Hydrolysis Aqueous Photolysis Plant uptake Adsorption to sediments Microbial metabolism (water/sediments)

Data Evaluation Needs Chemical properties: Extra Studies Solubility Aquatic field Dissipation Vapor pressure Mesocosm studies Leaf metabolism Leaf Wash-off Laboratory/Field studies: Kd subsoil Hydrolysis (pH 5, 7 and 9) Field Volatilization Photolysis Aerobic soil metabolism Label Information Anaerobic soil metabolism Target site Aerobic water metabolism Application rate/Total load /year Anaerobic water metabolism Number of Applications Terrestrial Field Dissipation Application interval Soil Adsorption Kd Pre-harvest interval Ground vs Aerial application Buffer widths Other label restrictions

Receiving Waters (directly or indirectly ) USEPA Mississippi Farm Pond Illinois Index Reservoir Rice Paddy FDACS Wetland North Florida Farm Pond Central Florida lake South Florida Canal

Environmental Fate Monitoring Surface Water Models Ground Water Modeling Tier I GENEEC FIRST Tier II PRZM-EXAMS PFAM EXAMS Tier 0.5 (RI) Tier I SCI-GROW GUS Tier II Modified PRZM PRZMGW

Practically Non-toxic Water Label Target ------------------ Toxicity ----------------- Herbicide Half-life Concentration Solubility Kd Fish LC50 Rat LD50 (days) (ppm) (ppm) ppm mg/kg BW Bispyrac-sodium 11 to 42 0.045 73 0.6 100 Practically Non-toxic >2600 Cafentrazone 3 to 9 Above Water 12 to 22 ND 2 Moderately Toxic 4,000 Copper 2 to 8 1 >730,000 ---- <1 Highly Toxic 470 Diquat 1 to 7 0.37 700,000 15 245 230 Endothall 4 to 7 5 100,000 0.1 343 182 Flumioxazin < 5 0.4 1.8 21 Slightly toxic >5,000 Fluridone 20 to 82 0.15 1.2 2.7 14 >10,000 Glyphosate 12,000 >300 120 >5,600 Na-carbonate peroxyhydrate < 1 10.2 150,000 low 71 1,000 Imazamox 7 to 14 0.5 626 0.05 122 Imazapyr 3 11,000 82 Penoxsulam 25 4.9 103 Triclopyr 9 2.5 >400,000 0.2 148 730 Slightly Toxic 2,4-D 15 to 20 4.0 569 263 >1000