Osteoarthritis year 2012 in review: biomarkers

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Osteoarthritis year 2012 in review: biomarkers A. Mobasheri Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 20, Issue 12, Pages 1451-1464 (December 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.009 Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The biomarker pipeline. The discovery of new biomarkers is followed by independent scientific and analytical verification of the biomarker. This process involves verification of the analytical performance characteristics and clinical correlation of a biomarker with a biological process or clinical outcome. Assay development and optimization are followed by validation, which involves assessing all the technical aspects of the biomarker assay. Qualification allows biomarker to be linked to a clinical endpoint to support its use as a surrogate endpoint in drug discovery, development or post approval and, where appropriate, in regulatory decision-making. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 1451-1464DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.009) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of the cartilage matrisome. This figure illustrates the major molecular constituents of the ECM of articular cartilage and the physical and functional association between its constituents. The molecules are arranged into large multi-molecular assemblies in the territorial and interterritorial ECM of chondrocytes. Adapted from Heinegård and Saxne, 201175. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 1451-1464DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.009) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 The MAC of complement. The MAC is a multi-molecular assembly, which involves the following proteins: C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9. These proteins participate directly in the killing of target cells37. The formation of this complex is toxic to chondrocytes39 and has been implicated in OA38,51 and RA40–43. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 1451-1464DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.009) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions