Chemical Bonding By Mr. Krall

Chemical Bonding Atoms which are not chemically stable, try to become chemically stable. To do this, atoms give away, share, or take electrons from/with other atoms. When this occurs, the atoms become attracted to each other. This force of attraction is a chemical bond. We are learning about 3 types of chemical bonds: 1. Ionic 2. Metallic 3. Covalent

Ionic Bonds Atoms that give away electrons, have less negative (-) particles and become positive (+) ions. Atoms that take in electrons, have more negative (-) particles and become negative (-) ions. Opposite charges attract, so + ions are attracted to – ions. This attraction is called an ionic bond.

Ionic Bonds (simple version) An ionic bond is when positive atoms stick to negative atoms because they have opposite charges. (sort of like magnets do.) I’m so attracted to you. - + Hubba. + ion Ex. Sodium (Na) - ion Ex. Chlorine (Cl)

Metallic Bonds Metallic bonds form when many metal atoms share many electrons with each other. In a metallic bond, the electrons of one metal atom are spread out and shared with the nearby atoms.

Metallic Bonds (simple version) Metal atoms stick together with other metal atoms because they don’t know where there electrons are or who’s electrons they have now. Dude, where’s your electrons? Dude, I thought you had them? Cu Cu Cu Cu Dude, where’s my electrons? Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Dude… Cu Cu

Covalent bonds In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons to make each other feel chemically stable. The atoms in a covalent bond share one large outer energy level. This shared outer energy level is full (because of the sharing) and this makes all the atoms feel stable.

Covalent bonds (simple version) These Hydrogen atoms are unhappy with only one electron. If they had two electrons they would be happy (stable). H H These Hydrogen atoms are each sharing their electrons. Because of the sharing, they are happy (stable) because they feel like they have 2 electrons. H H

2 Types of Covalent Bonds In non-polar, covalent bonds the electrons are shared equally between each atom. H H In polar, covalent bonds, the electrons are not shared equally. Here, the Oxygen atom has the electrons more often than the Hydrogen atoms. H O