Minerals What are minerals?

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Presentation transcript:

Minerals What are minerals? A naturally occuring, crystalline inorganic substance. What properties do we use to classify minerals? (7 properties) Color Luster Streak Crystal shape Hardness Cleavage Density

What is a Mineral? 1. Occurs naturally 2. Solid 3. Has a defined chemical composition 4. Atoms arranged in an orderly pattern 5. Was never alive- Inorganic

Mineral Identification Approximately 4,000 known minerals About 30 are common These are the rock forming minerals (because they are the most common minerals in rocks!) Your ESRT helps you identify minerals

Formation From cooling of magma or lava Evaporites Precipitates

Distribution of elements within the lithosphere

Structure of Minerals

Types of minerals Native Silicates Silica tetrahedron Non-silicates Composed of a single element Silicates Composed of Silicon and Oxygen Silica tetrahedron Non-silicates Oxides- Contains O+2 Sulfates- Contains Sulfur Carbonates- Contains Carbon

Minerals Minerals are identified by their physical characteristics. These include: Streak Color Luster Hardness Density (specific gravity) Crystal structure

Mineral ID  What is the streak of hematite? (hint:use your ESRT) The color of the powdered mineral Test by rubbing sample against unglazed porcelain  What is the streak of hematite? (hint:use your ESRT)

Streak

Mineral ID  Why is color not very reliable (ESRT)? Color least reliable  Why is color not very reliable (ESRT)?

Color “Don’t judge a mineral by its color”

Mineral ID Luster The way light reflects from a freshly broken surface Metallic Nonmetallic

Luster

Hardness

Hardness

Arrangement of Atoms Influences Cleavage:

Cleavage Minerals that do not have cleavage tend to fracture Look for flat or step like surfaces Minerals that do not have cleavage tend to fracture

Be careful: cleavage is not the same as crystal shape! form when the mineral is allowed to cool and the molecules arrange themselves in a repeating pattern. Size and appearance of crystals depend on environment of formation Crystals need room to grow. Crystal form is the way a mineral GROWS Cleavage and fracture Planes along which the mineral tends to break Cleavage is the way a mineral BREAKS

Density Specific Gravity Ex: Gold has a density of 19 g/cm3 , if we have a 2 gram sample, what would the samples volume be?

Mineral ID Density

Other Properties Bubbles “fizzzz”

Fluorescence http://simplethinking.com/greenland/photo.shtml

 (ESRT) What is the hardness of olivine? Does calcite exhibit cleavage when broken? What is one of the uses of biotite? Which minerals react to acid?