UMR 5205 A short history… and some insight into the future of IT Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205 Lyon, France

Master course - Lyon, /06/ Laboratoire d InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes dInformation –UMR CNRS 5205 (LIRIS) ~280 persons – ~100 permanent researchers and staff – ~180 PhD students 2 departments: Image processing Data-Knowledge-Services DRIM team: Distributed processing, Information Retrieval, Multimedia and Mobility

3 Agenda Back to (pre-)history What has happened to IT ? Visions for a new (IT) world ? Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

4 A short history of computers and IT… 60 years ago…

5 A short history of computers and IT… 20 years ago… Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

6 A short history of computers and IT… Today… Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

7 A short history of computers and IT… Today… Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

8 A short history of computers and IT… Tomorrow ? Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

9 A short history of computers and IT… The Jaguar cores – Memory: 300 TB – Disk: 10 PB AMD x86_64 Opteron Six Core 2600 MHz (10.4 GFlops) Rmax = 1759 – Rpeak = 2331 Power: 6,950 MW Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

10 A short history of computers and IT… Tianhe-1A cores – Memory: 229 TB – Disk: 10 PB Intel EM64T Xeon X56xx (Westmere-EP) 2930 MHz (11.72 GFlops) NVidia GPU Tesla M2050 Rmax = 2566 – Rpeak = 4701 Power:4,04 MW… only ! Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

11 A short history of computers and IT… K-computer cores – Memory: 1410 TB – Disk: 10 PB – « 6D-Torus-Tofu » Network Fujitsu 2.0GHz 8-core SPARC64 VIIIfx processors packed in 864 cabinets (1 cabinet = 96 computing nodes + 6 I/O nodes) Rmax = – Rpeak = (computing efficiency : 93,2 %) Power:12,7 MW… only ! Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

12 A short history of computers and IT… The LCG System Architecture Tier-1 Tier-0 10 Gbps links Optical Private Network (to almost all sites) Trigger and Data Acquisition System Tier-2 General Purpose/Academic/ Research Network From F. Malek – LCG FRance Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

13 And in 2011, a (still) new paradigm: the Cloud A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet Amazon, Google, Microsoft… even LOréal ! Everything as a service Infrastructure as a service Platform as a service Software as a service Behind the scene: a grid Do not worry, be happy: the cloud takes care of your all your digital activities Issue: digital activity, digital life, life ? For the first time in the history of mankind, some[body, thing] can know everything about your life: your professional data, your friends, the movies/the leisure you like, your friends, your political opinions, your mood… Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

14 What has happened to IT ? Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

15 Technological Evolutions « Universal » identification RFID - Electronic Product Code (EPC) – EPCGlobalNetwork – Object Naming Service (ONS) IETF Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Large bandwidth communications Optical fiber 3G, 3G+, 4G, WiMax WiFi Direct Geopositioning GPS/Galileo GSM Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

16 Technological Evolutions (Contd) Super computing Parallel super-computers (1- Jaguar ( cores, 2,3(1,7) Pflops)): Super-clusters (Google 1,8 millions of servers ? Soon 10 millions ?) Super storage Key: ~GB Disk: ~TB Data Center: ~PB Micro-Nano technologies Sensors – Sensor networks Convergence digital camera – telephone – laptop smartphone Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

17 Software Evolutions Cloud computing Social networks Services - SOA E-Services Mobility (M-services) Object Service / Service Object All digital, any where, any time Era Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

18 « Vision »: « Calm Technology » « The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it » [The objective of pervasive computing is to ] … make a computer so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it. Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is roughly the opposite of virtual reality. Where virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world, ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live out here in the world with people. « A new way of thinking about computers in the world, one that takes into account the natural human environment and allows the computers themselves to vanish in the background » Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

19 Vision (Contd) [M. Satyanarayanan, 2001] Pervasive computing environment = « one saturated with computing and communication capability, yet so gracefully integrated with users that it becomes a technology that disappears » So: Smart spaces Invisibility and transparency Scalability Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

20 Visions (Contd)) « I just want to use these f… so-called smart objects/appliances/… » « I want to get rid of the software/hardware/network organization/structure: I just want to access my personal data and the data I need what ever the place /when ever the time « Put down the barriers »: no network interconnection pb, no computer administration frontiers What about security/privacy ??? Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

21 The « object-subject » is actor (a first-class citizen) of the system smart objects / smart everything active objects « Intelligence » is, at first, the « network » i.e., the ability to exchange information « Intelligence », is also the ability to self-adapt to the user profile and the context (« context awareness »), to weave into the environment « Ego » is part of the context « Intelligence », finally, is the ability to organize: autonomously (autonomic computing, self healing…) spontaneously Ecosystem Visions (Summary) Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

22 Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. (for today) Sensor networks (smart dust) Home networks Patient monitoring (personal area networks) Emergency management / battlefield / borders monitoring Museums and pervasive buildings Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) / MANET Alert management (parking, kids, etc.) Supply chain … Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

23 Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe Society and RFID Personal data spaces Web of things Machine To Machine (M2M) / Object To Object (O2O) The never lasting intelligent fridge ? Maintenance – Supply chain « Intelligent » sensors networks Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

24 U-Society People to People (P2P): Facebook on your cell phone People to Object (P2O): PachubePachube Geopositioned Services: App Store Spimes (Bruce Sterling) ? « Hypermatter » (Bernard Stiegler) ? Do-IOT-Yourself: Arduino / Fab Lab ?Arduino Fab Lab Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe (Contd) Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

25 Back to the « vision »: the Cloud An old dream: Computing as a utility (John Mac Carthy: Computation may someday be organized as a public utility (1961)) A supposed to be user centered vision managing a computer is exhausting the user does not care about the system components: the user just want his problem to be solved eliminate the burden of the software/hardware management allow the user benefit from economies of scale A business vision a small set of computing power providers a global market an integrated « hyper-market »: computing, entertainment, learning ? for the best of the big companies Master course - Lyon, /06/2014

26 What IT world do you want to build ? Master course - Lyon, /06/2014