Philosophy and the Examined Life

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Presentation transcript:

Philosophy and the Examined Life Chapter 3 Philosophy and the Examined Life

The Apology of Socrates The word apology comes from the Greek word for “defense” In the selection that follows, Socrates is literally defending himself in a court of law He realizes that were he to promise to halt his philosophical pursuits: The charges against him would be dropped © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Apology of Socrates The official charges against him were: That he taught that people should not believe in the gods He was responsible for corrupting young men of Athens by making them critical of authority © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Apology of Socrates Socrates was born about 469 b.c.e. and died in 399 b.c.e. He is one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy He wrote nothing and established no school © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Apology of Socrates His life was spent in questioning his associates & seeking to discover the truth The verdict of Socrates’ trial was that: Socrates was guilty of crimes against the state, and he was condemned to death © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Socrates: In Defense of Philosophy When I heard of the oracle, I began to reflect: What can the god mean by this riddle? I know very well that I am not wise, even in the smallest degree I went to a man who was reputed to be wise © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Socrates: In Defense of Philosophy I came to see that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself: Thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise Wanderings I undertook, like Herculean labors, to prove the oracle irrefutable © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Socrates: In Defense of Philosophy I went to the artisans For I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of Young men who follow me about, who are the sons of wealthy persons: And have the most leisure, take pleasure in hearing men cross-examined © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Socrates: In Defense of Philosophy To fear death, my friends, is only to think ourselves wise without really being wise: For it is to think that we know what we do not know I will never do what I know to be evil © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Socrates: In Defense of Philosophy I think that no greater good has ever befallen you in the state than: My service to the god It seems to me that the god has attached me like that to the state, for I am: Constantly alighting upon you at every point to arouse, persuade & reproach each of you © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.