4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 6 H2O (g) + 4 NO (g) Limiting Reactant Question Consider the reaction of ammonia and oxygen:     4 NH3 (g) +  5 O2 (g)  6 H2O (g)   + 4 NO (g) What mass of nitrogen monoxide can be produced if 20.0 g of ammonia is burned with 30.0 g of oxygen? 22.5g

SCH3U1 8.1 Solutions Terminology

Which of the following are solutions? Tea? Stainless steel spoon? Hand sanitizer? Hand lotion? Put examples in beakers and classify them together

Definitions Solution: Binary Solution: Solvent:

Definitions Solute: Dilute: Concentrated: Aqueous Solution:

Definitions Miscible: Immiscible:

Examples of Solutions Solvent Solute Example Use Liquid Ethylene glycol in water Engine Antifreeze Solid Ammonium nitrate in water Ice pack Gas Carbon dioxide in water Carbonated beverages Oxygen in helium Deep sea diving Gasoline in air Car engines Naphthalene in air Mothballs Copper in gold Jewellery

Dissociation - Dissolving of Ionic Compounds The dissolving of ionic compounds in which the ions separate from each other and the crystal lattice. The resulting ions are called hydrated or aqueous ions.

Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolving What can make a solute dissolve faster? Factor Effect Explanation Particle Size Temperature Stirring Smaller particles will dissolve faster Increased surface area is exposed to solvent Solute dissolves faster at higher temperatures More frequent collisions between molecules Agitating a solution increases the rate of dissolving Fresh solvent continually comes into contact with the undissolved solute

Definitions Saturated: Unsaturated: Supersaturated:

Testing for Saturation Simply place a small crystal in a solution: If the crystal gets smaller, the solution is unsaturated If the crystal does not change, the solution is saturated If the crystal grows, the solution is supersaturated