Describe some of the problems with the urbanization of cities… Journal

Politics in the Gilded Age -Forgettable Presidents- Chapter 7 Section 3 Politics in the Gilded Age -Forgettable Presidents- 8

Politics Political Machine Rapid growth = Inefficient government Group that controlled the activities of a political party Offered services to voters / businesses exchange for political or financial support Control local government Politics

Political Machines Pyramid City Boss Base = Precinct workers Ward Boss Gain voter support Ward Boss Secure the votes Helped the poor --- favors / services City Boss Controlled activities of the political party 1st – 2nd generation immigrants Political Machines

Party Boss Controlled access to Municipal jobs Business licenses Influenced courts Built parks, sewer systems, & waterworks Gave money to schools and hospitals Needed Votes!! Party Boss

Fraud and Graft Graft “Kick backs” Illegal use of political influence for personal gain “Kick backs” Granted favors to businesses in return for cash Took bribes = Allow illegal activities Gambling Fraud and Graft

Boss Tweed William M. Tweed --- “Boss Tweed” Tammany Hall, New York City Democratic Political Machine 1869 – 1871 Led the Tweed Ring Defrauding the city New York Courthouse --- Graft Cost tax payers $13 million Actual cost =$3 million Indicted on 120 counts Boss Tweed

Hayes Giving government jobs to people who help candidates get elected Not qualified Used for personal gain Rutherford B. Hayes ---- 1876 Election Reform Put independents in his cabinet Civil Service Most qualified Hayes

Garfield James A. Garfield ---- 1880 Election Reformer Vice President Chester A. Arthur = “Stalwart” Gave reformers most of his patronage jobs July 2, 1881 Shot while walking through a train station in Washington, D.C. Charles Guiteau Turned down for a job Died from wounds on September 19th Garfield

Arthur Chester A. Arthur Reformer Pendleton Civil Service Act = 1883 Commission to make appointments to federal jobs Based on the performance on an examination Arthur

Cleveland Grover Cleveland --- 1884 Election Politicians turn to wealthy business owners Businesses wanted government to raise tariffs Eliminate foreign competition Grover Cleveland --- 1884 Election Tried to lower tariffs No support from Congress Cleveland

Harrison / Cleveland Cleveland elected again 1888 Election Cleveland wins popular vote = looses electoral vote Benjamin Harrison Raised tariffs on manufactured goods Highest ever Billion Dollar Congress 1892 Election Cleveland elected again Tried to lower tariffs --- was not successful Harrison / Cleveland