Lipid biosynthesis. Lipid biosynthesis. Schematic overview of the pathways involved in the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs), cholesterol, phosphoglycerides,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Section K Lipid Metabolism
Advertisements

MEMBRANE LIPIDS I and II:
 It can be divided into 3 processes: 1)Biosynthesis of glycerol. 2)Biosynthesis of fatty acids. 3)Biosynthesis of the triacylglycerol.  It occurs in.
Lipid Biosynthesis C483 Spring Which of these is NOT a difference between fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation? A)Synthesis requires an enzyme.
Fatty acid catabolism Lipid biosynthesis
Lipids Introduction and classification
BC368 Fatty Acid Synthesis Chapter 21 (21.1 only) April 28, 2015.
Synthesis of Triglycerides
Lipogenesis Fats not only obtained from the diet but also obtained from lipogenesis in the body. Lipogenesis means synthesis of fats from CHO and proteins.
BIOC 460 DR. TISCHLER LECTURE 34 SYNTHESIS & PROCESSING OF FATS.
Introduction  lipids are a good source of energy as 1 gm supplies 9.1 calories, which is over double that supplied by carbohydrates or protein.  Dietary.
© 2003 Thomson Learning, Inc. All rights reserved General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 7e Bettelheim, Brown, and March.
Lipid Metabolism. Overview of Lipid Metabolism Importance: Fat stores 9 Cal/g (no water) Carbohydrate stores 4 Cal/g (water associated) Protein stores.
Chapter 16 (Part 3) Fatty acid Synthesis.
1 Fatty Acid Metabolism. 2 Free Energy of Oxidation of Carbon Compounds.
BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURES. Space-filling models of (A) palmitate (C16, saturated) and (B) oleate (C18, unsaturated). The cis double bond in oleate produces.
Lipid Metabolism Dietary Lipid Reactions Lecture 1 of 5 Jim Littlejohn 11/20/03 Texas A+M Health Sciences Center: College of Medicine.
Chapter 21 Biosynthetic Pathways
BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS Hendra Wijaya Esa unggul University.
Energy economy of the cells
Lipids: Chapter 10 Major characteristic: hydrophobicity (water insolubility) –But typically amphipathic Lipophilic (hydrophobic) chain Polar/charged (hydrophilic)
Generation and Storage of Energy
Carbohydrates, nucleotides, amino acids, now lipids Lipids exhibit diverse biological function –Energy storage –Biological membranes –Enzyme cofactors.
Lipids: phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids Biochem I, lecture 5 Chapter (exclude sphingolipids, p ), 26.2, 26.4 (exclude pregnenolone.
Reginald Garrett and Charles Grisham
PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY
15 April 2008 Lipid Metabolism Andy Howard Introductory Biochemistry 15 April 2008.
Lipid. The function of lipid Lipids are a class of biological molecules defined by low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents. Function:
* Lipid Biosynthesis - These are endergonic and reductive reactions, use ATP as source of energy and reduced electron carrier usually NADPH as reductant.
Basic Biochemistry: Lipid Structure Dr. Kamal D. Mehta Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University.
Biological Lipids and Bilayers Lipids are nearly insoluble in Water –Form Biological membranes –Regulate solute flow and signalling –Provide concentrated.
Frederick A. Bettelheim William H. Brown Mary K. Campbell Shawn O. Farrell William H. Brown Beloit College Chapter.
LIPID METABOLISM BIOSYNTHESIS or DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID The majority of the fatty acids required supplied through our diet. Fatty acids are synthesised.
Oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids
Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids, Cholesterol, Steroids and Isoprenoids CH353 February 5, 2008.
Lipogenesis Fats not only obtained from the diet but also obtained from lipogenesis in the body. Lipogenesis means synthesis of neutral fats (TAG) from.
BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURES. Figure Stages in the extraction of energy from foodstuffs.
If fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytosol, where does the acetyl-CoA come from? Acetyl-CoA (not from fatty acid oxidation) is generated in the mitochondria.
Lipogenesis Fats not only obtained from the diet but also obtained from lipogenesis in the body. Lipogenesis means synthesis of neutral fats (TAG) from.
Biosynthetic Pathways K. Dunlap. Introduction In most living organisms, the pathways by which a compound is synthesized are usually different from the.
Synthesis of Fatty acid Dr Vivek Joshi,MD.  Main pathway - cytosol  Occurs primarily in the liver and lactating mammary gland, less so in adipose tissue.
RR PKA Hormone-sensitive lipase TAG DAG MAG glycerol FFA Hormone-sensitive lipase P See Fig 16.7 Horton Fat mobilization in adipocytes Note: insulin.
Chapter 21 Biosynthetic Pathways. Introduction In most living organisms, the pathways by which a compound is synthesized are usually different from the.
Pratt & Cornely, Chapter 17
Fig. 1. A schematic representation of the conventional VLC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway from linoleic and α-linolenic acid precursors. The alternative Δ8-pathway.
Lipid metabolism.
Biochemistry department
OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS
Lipid Synthesis Prof S. Kajuna
LIPID SYNTHESIS.
Fatty acid synthesis (Lipogenesis & Lipolysis)
METABOLISM OF LIPIDS: SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS
FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS
Lipid Synthesis Prof S. Kajuna
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid
BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURES
Lipid Metabolism I Dr. Kevin Ahern.
Prof. Dr. Zeliha Büyükbingöl
24.5 Fatty Acid Synthesis When the body has met all its energy needs and the glycogen stores are full, acetyl CoA from the breakdown of carbohydrates and.
Figure 18.1 Stereospecific numbering of glycerol.
Figure 5 Ether-containing lipid biosynthesis pathways
Chapter Twenty-One Lipid Metabolism.
Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids
Very Long Chain Fatty Acids Are Functionally Involved in Necroptosis
Andy Howard Biochemistry Lectures, Spring April 2019
Lipid mass spectrometry analysis of WT, tgl3Δ and vps4Δ mutant cells.
Glycerophospholipids and related metabolites are differentially expressed in sera from patients with RA before (A) and after (B) treatment with rituximab.
Main metabolic pathways deregulated in cancers and corresponding targeting drugs. Main metabolic pathways deregulated in cancers and corresponding targeting.
Putative Simplified Model of Metabolic Pathways Responsible for TAG Accumulation.Upregulated proteins detected by proteomic analysis are illustrated in.
Presentation transcript:

Lipid biosynthesis. Lipid biosynthesis. Schematic overview of the pathways involved in the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs), cholesterol, phosphoglycerides, eicosanoids and sphingolipids. The enzymes involved in catalysing steps in lipid biosynthetic pathways are indicated in red. (a) Glucose- or glutamine-derived citrate is first converted to acetyl-CoA by ACLY. (b) For FA biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA is converted into malonyl-CoA. The repeated condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by the multifunctional enzyme FASN leads to the generation of palmitic acid, a fully saturated 16-carbon FA. The introduction of a double bond in the Δ9 position of the acyl chain by SCD generates mono-unsaturated FAs. (c) Subsequent elongation and further desaturation produces the repertoire of FAs with different saturation levels. (d) Essential FAs (ω3 and ω6 FAs) cannot be synthesised by human cells and need to be provided from dietary sources. (e,f) Saturated and unsaturated FAs are combined with glycerol-3-phosphate (glycerol-3-P) to generate (e) phosphoglycerides and (f) phosphoinositides. (g) Arachidonic acid, a long-chain polyunsaturated FA, is used for the synthesis of eicosanoids. (h) Sphingolipids contain acyl chains and polar head groups derived from serine, phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine. (i) Cholesterol biosynthesis is initiated by the conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA. Addition of another acyl group by HMGCS produces 3-methylglutaryl-3-hydroxy-CoA, which is converted to mevalonate by HMGCR. Subsequent reactions result in the production of farnesyl-pyrophosphate, an essential intermediate for protein prenylation. Cholesterol also forms the structural backbone for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Enzyme abbreviations: ACAT, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACLY, ATP citrate lyase; AGPAT, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase; COX1/2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS); DGAT, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase; ELOVL, fatty acid elongase; FADS, fatty acid desaturase; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGCS, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; PPAP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SPHK, sphingosine-1-kinase. Metabolite abbreviations: α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; CDP-DAG, cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol; CER, ceramide; DAG, diacylglycerol; FA, fatty acid; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; PA, phosphatidic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PGH2, prostaglandin H2; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PIPx, phosphatidylinositol phosphate; PS, phosphatidylserine; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; SPH, sphingosine; TAG, triacylglyceride. Franziska Baenke et al. Dis. Model. Mech. 2013;6:1353-1363 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd