Incidence of sperm aneuploidy in relation to semen characteristics and assisted reproductive outcome  Liliana T Colombero, M.D., June J Hariprashad, B.A., Ming C Tsai, M.D., Zev Rosenwaks, M.D., Gianpiero D Palermo, M.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 72, Issue 1, Pages 90-96 (July 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00158-2

Figure 1 Fluorescence in situ hybridization of human spermatozoa using probes for chromosomes 18 (green), X (yellow), and Y (red). The sperm chromatin is stained with 4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole and appears blue. Normal haploid sperm nuclei are seen that exhibit one signal for chromosome 18 and one for chromosome X or Y. Fertility and Sterility 1999 72, 90-96DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00158-2)

Figure 2 Fluorescence in situ hybridization of human spermatozoa using probes for chromosomes 21 (red), X (yellow), and Y (green). The sperm chromatin is stained with 4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole and appears blue. Two normal haploid sperm nuclei are seen that exhibit one signal for chromosome 21 and one for chromosome X or Y. Fertility and Sterility 1999 72, 90-96DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00158-2)

Figure 3 Examples of spermatozoa that carry chromosomal abnormalities. (A), A sperm head carrying a sex chromosome disomy (XX,21). (B), A sperm nucleus displaying an autosomal disomy (Y,2121). (C), A spermatozoon considered diploid (XX,1818). Fertility and Sterility 1999 72, 90-96DOI: (10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00158-2)