Review Proprietorship---Advantages, Disadvantages Partnership---Advantages, Disadvantages Corporations---Advantages, Disadvantages Do Corporations deserve to be treated as people?

The American Labor Force

What is a Union? Groups of workers who band together to have a better chance to obtain higher pay and better working conditions How do you get Unions? Majority of workers have to work in favor of forming a Union Two types of Unions: Craft or Trade Union-workers who perform the same skills join together, as in a Printers’ Union Industrial Union-bring together different types of workers from the same industry (United Auto Workers)

Unions Formed mainly by workers in industry, however airline workers, teachers, and professional athletes join unions today Local Unions-Comprised of members of a union in a factory, company, or geographic area National Unions-Individual craft or industrial unions that represent local unions on a nationwide level (American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations, AFL-CIO)

Unions-Good or Bad? Good Better Wages More Access to Benefits Job Security Seniority Bad Union dues & fees Loss of Autonomy Less Collaborative Work Environment Seniority http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2012/04/10/pros-and-cons-joining-labor-union/

Unions Today 11.1 % of American workers belong to a Union North Carolina lowest, at 3% Percentage has fallen since 1980s Why? Shift from a manufacturing to a service economy Rise in # of Right-to-Work States (do not have to be a union member/pay dues to stay employed) Still play an important role in the nation’s economy and political life

Union Arrangements Closed Shops- Workers had to 1st join a union in order to be hired by a company Made illegal in 1947 Union Shops- Companies may hire anyone as long as they join the union shortly after they begin working Modified Union Shops- workers not required to join a union to be hired or to keep job, but they must remain in the union if they join Agency Shop-requires workers to pay a fee to the union for representing them even if they do not join

Negotiations Union’s Greatest Asset? COLLECTIVE BARGAINING Officials from the Union and the company meet to discuss the workers’ new contract Negotiations focus on wages and benefits, including health care, holidays, working conditions, and procedures for changing rules Getting Outside Help Mediation- bring in a 3rd party who tries to help them reach a compromise agreement Arbitration- 3rd party listens to both sides, then decides how to settle the disagreement

Labor-Management Conflict Management & Unions use different techniques to force the other side to accept their position Labor Tools Strike-all workers in the union refuse to go to work Hope that the business will have to shut down without any employees, forcing the company to accept the union’s contract terms Picketing-walking in front of business carrying picket signs that state their disagreement with the company Meant to discourage workers from crossing the line to work for the employer Boycott-refuse to buy a business’s product

Labor-Management Conflict Lockout-company prevents workers from entering its buildings until they accept its contract Hopes that loss of income will convince the workers to accept the company’s position Hire Scab, or temporary workers, to replace those on strike Union Folk Song-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAacb31bltI Chicago Teachers Strike- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSXiOfS1CKY

Injunctions Legal order of a court preventing some activity Initially, courts treated unions as illegal conspiracies, with leaders prosecuted and sued for damages Early 1900s-injunctions used to prevent strikes and other activities Companies & Unions may ask for injunctions; if issued against a union, will direct them not to strike; if used against a company, will direct them not to lock out its workers 1995 MLB Lockout-Players took management to court, got an injunction against the owners and the season began

Seizure Government may seize, or temporarily takeover operations, to allow the government to negotiate with the union 1946-Gov’t seized the bituminous coal industry, feeling the welfare of the entire country was at stake because of its need for coal While operating the mines, government officials worked out a settlement with the miners’ union

Public v. Private Sector Unions Difference between the two? Public Unions emerged around 1960s & 1970s Private Union Members 6.7% Public Union Members 35.3% Construction, Transportation & Utilities Teachers, Police Officers & Fire-Fighters

Review-Labor Day Private v. Public Sector- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENl72eTVLfo