Matter and Change Chemistry

Describing Matter Extensive properties – depends on amount of matter. ex. Volume Intensive properties – depends on type of matter ex. hardness

States of Matter Solid – definite shape and volume Liquid – definite volume, indefinite shape Gas – indefinite volume, indefinite shape

Properties of Matter Physical properties – can observe/ measure without changing matter Chemical properties – can only observe or measure by changing matter

Physical or Chemical? Melting point flammability Boiling point density Malleability Hardness Reactivity Conductivity

Mixtures Heterogeneous mixture – composition is not uniform (separates into phases) Homogeneous mixture – composition is uniform (single phase)

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous? Chocolate chip ice cream Vanilla ice cream Cake batter Chicken noodle soup Sand

Separating Mixtures Filtration – based on PARTICLE SIZE Distillation – based on BOILING POINTS.

Compounds Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances, elements cannot. Compounds have a fixed composition, mixtures do not.

Chemical vs. Physical Change During a chemical change, the COMPOSITION OF MATTER CHANGES During physical change, the composition of matter does not change Signs of chemical change – transfer of energy, change in color, production of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate.

Conservation of Mass During any chemical reaction (physical change or chemical change), the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.