This painting (circa 1872) by John Gast called American Progress is an allegorical representation of Manifest Destiny. Here Columbia, a personification of the United States, leads civilization westward with American settlers, stringing telegraph wire as she travels and carrying a school book. The different economic activities of the pioneers are highlighted and, especially, the changing forms of transportation. The American Indians and wild animals flee. The Moving Frontier

I. “The West” Settled in Stages 1. Hunters & trappers 2. Pioneers 3. Permanent Settlers a. Farmers b. European Immigrants Fur Trade Tidbits

II. Land & Water Routes West 1. The National Road 2. The Wilderness Road 3. The Ohio River 4. The Mississippi River 5. The Missouri River

III. Work & Recreation on the Frontier 1. Men a. Farm the fields -corn, soy, wheat -plow -seed -fertilize -irrigate -harvest 2. Women a. All other work -cook -sew & mend clothing -wash -care for livestock “A woman’s work is never done…”

IV. Rise of New Cities 1. On waterways 2. People & products pass through 1. Cincinnati 2. Detroit 3. Chicago 4. St. Louis

Questions Where was the “west” in the early 1800s? Why did people move to the west in this era? What was life like on the frontier?