Extending Mendelian Genetics

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Extending Mendelian Genetics How traits are inherited Sections 7.1, 7.2

Terms for this chapter please define these as homework Carrier Sex-linked gene Incomplete dominance Codominance Multiple allele Polygenic traits Pedigree karyotype

How Sex is determined the difference in the X and Y chromosome leads to a difference in the inheritance of traits located on the sex chromosomes

Sex-linked Genes Most sex-linked traits are considered to be influenced by the X chromosome The Y chromosome does carry some but it only affects the males

Punnett Squares & sex-linked traits Genotype Phenotype XRXR Normal female XRXr Carrier XrXr Affected XRY male XrY

Males statistically have a higher incidence of sex-linked traits because only one chromosome needs to carry the recessive allele

Hemophilia is sex-linked

Incomplete dominance Heterozygous individual shows a blend of two traits

Codominance Heterozygous individual expresses both alleles

Polygenic traits Trait is determined by the combined effect of one or more genes Human skin, hair, height, and eye color