China After Mao Death of Mao September Arrest of the Gang of Four

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The Rise and Fall of the Gang of Four
Presentation transcript:

China After Mao Death of Mao September Arrest of the Gang of Four Reversal of Verdicts Evaluation of Mao Hua Guofeng, “Whateverism” Four Modernizations Return of Deng Xiaoping (1904-97)

Death of Mao

Death of Mao September 9, 1976 Leadership on edge anticipate power struggle Popular reaction muted Hua Guofeng delivered eulogy People’s Daily: “Act According to the Principles Laid Down” Construction of Mausoleum

Closing the Books on the Cultural Revolution (CR) Rehabilitation of victims Reversal of verdicts No purge of beneficiaries Half of party members joined during CR Central Advisory Commission (senior cadres) Liu Shaoqi, “biggest frame-up” in party history

Closing the Books: Trials of the Gang of Four and Lin Biao Clique Criminal Acts vs. Political Errors Jiang Qing (1914-91) Mao’s Wife Zhang Chunqiao (1917-2005) Shanghai Journalist Yao Wenyuan (1931-2005) Literary Critic Wang Hongwen (1936-1992) Shanghai worker

Oppose the Gang of Four

“The most obstinate member” Zhang Chunqiao, Gang of Four

“Dignified Trial?” “I was Chairman Mao's dog.”

Resolution on Certain Questions in Our Party's History since the Founding of the PRC (June 1981) Official Evaluation of Mao and C R: “Most Severe setback and heaviest losses” “Conformed neither to Marxism, Leninism, or Chinese reality” “Chief responsibility for the grave ‘Left’ error of the Cultural Revolution” Mao Arrogant, “acted more and more arbitrarily and subjectively”

Gang of Four or Five? Evaluating Mao Contributions Revolutionary Leader (Lenin) “New Society” Mistakes Great leap Personality Cult Cultural Revolution “catastrophe” Major blame Lin Biao and Gang of Four

Post -Mao Power Struggle Arrest of the Gang of Four (October 1976) Hua Guofeng (1921-2008) Mao’s Successor (1976-80) “With you in charge, I am at ease.” (你辦事我放心) CCP, Premier, MAC “Whateverism” Lacked stature of veteran cadres

Four Modernizations Agriculture Industry National Defense Science and Technology

Four Modernizations

Fifth Modernization: Democracy? Democracy Wall Wei Jingsheng

“Seek Truth from Facts” (實事求是) Deng Xiaoping (1904-97) Veteran Party leader Survivor of Cultural Revolution “Reversal of Verdicts” (1978) “Literature of the Wounded” Democracy Wall, Beijing (1979) “Open Door Policy” “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” Special Economic Zones

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