17. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ) Autor: Mgr. Kateřina Řeřichová Škola: Gymnázium J. V. Jirsíka, Fr. Šrámka 23, České Budějovice Předmět: anglický jazyk Datum vytvoření: 19.4.2013 Cílová skupina: 3. – 4. ročník čtyřletého typu studia a odpovídající ročníky víceletých typů studia Typ hodiny: výklad s procvičením Popis: prezentace o příčinách vzniku občanské války v USA a jejích důsledcích, procvičení učiva

Economic and social differences between the North and the South Greater need for cotton – more plantations in the South – greater need for slaves Southern economy depended on agriculture and slavery – rich farm owners The North – industrial – purchased raw cotton – finished goods http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Secession_map_1861.svg Autor: Júlio Reis, CC BY-SA, 19.4.2013

State x federal rights 2 camps – those arguing for greater state rights and those arguing that federal government needed more control Fight for nullification – the states would have the right to rule federal acts unconstitutional The federal government denied this right http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mississippi_River_mod.png CC PD, 19.4.2013

Slave x Non-Slave State Proponents As America began to expand – question of whether new states admitted to the union would be slave or free The Compromise of 1850 – dealt with the balance between slave and free states, northern and southern interests Fugitive Slave Act – owners could travel far north to catch any escaped slaves

Other reasons why the Civil war started Growth of the Abolition Movement in the North The election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860 – the South believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests February 9, 1861 – 7 states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America – President Jefferson Davis http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AbrahamLincoln.jpg CC PD, 19.4.2013

The Confederate States of America http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_CSA_3.png CC PD, 19.4.2013

The North x the South April 12, 1861 – first shots at Fort Sumter Beginning of the war – Confederacy was more successful – better trained and organized ( many officers had army schools ), better weapons The Union – poor organization, less money, bigger army ( many slaves from the South ) January 1, 1863 - Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation – all slaves in the USA shall be forever free http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soldiers_Monument_-_Woburn,_MA_-_DSC02755.JPG CC PD, 19.4.2013

The North x the South Turning point – battle at Gettysburg – the Union started winning April 9, 1865 – Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Richmond – the beginning of the end of the war President Lincoln – idea of liberal reconstruction of the South – did not come true http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ulysses_simpson_grant.jpg CC PD, 19.4.2013

General Lee surrenders to General Grant http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lee_Surrenders_to_Grant_at_Appomattox.jpg CC PD, 19.4.2013

Reconstruction Era Lincoln`s idea - reconstruction of the governments, tried even to give land to freedmen April 14, 1865 – Lincoln assassinated in the theatre in Washington during the celebrations of victory President Andrew Johnson ( a Democrat ) – followed his policies http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_assassination_of_President_Lincoln_at_Ford%27s_Theatre.jpg CC PD, 19.4.2013

Reconstruction Era Republicans – against Johnson`s policies – put the former Confederacy under the rule of U.S. Army – influenced the new elections In 10 states – Republican biracial state governments were formed – reconstruction programs Ku-Klux-Klan was established – organization which persecuted newly freed slaves http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg CC PD, 19.4.2013

Reconstruction Era Southern economy – totally destroyed Plantation owners did not have enough people to work on the fields Plantations were divided – system of sharecropping – pieces of land were rented to freedmen and their families Many freedmen lost the land because they did not know how to cultivate it, or they were afraid of Ku-Klux-Klan – violent attacks http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mississippi_ku_klux.jpg?uselang=cs CC PD, 19.4.2013

True or false? The North was mostly agricultural while the South was industrial The South needed slaves to work in factories In 1861 nine states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy The Union was better organized and at the beginning it was winning the war Emancipation Proclamation proclaimed the beginning of the war Lincoln successfully reconstructed southern governments Ku-Klux-Klan was an organization which supported newly freed slaves The system of sharecropping in the South worked very well

Thank you for your attention

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