Adaptations

Adaptation = A structural or behavioral trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its changing environment. Adaptations might be for food getting, protection and movement. What are adaptations?

Structural adaptations – a physical trait the organism has Beak length, fur color, pattern on fur Can be acquired or inherited What are Adaptations?

Behavioral adaptations – something an organism does (a behavior) What are Adaptations? Behavioral adaptations – something an organism does (a behavior) Eats bugs, roars, gives live birth May be an instinct (born with it) or learned (learns from others or from surroundings)

Adaptations may occur when a gene mutates or changes by accident. Mutations Adaptations may occur when a gene mutates or changes by accident. Mutation = a permanent, heritable change

Red Kangaroo Fennec Fox DESERT

Penguins Musk Ox ARCTIC

Vines Calugo RAINFOREST

Raccoon - http://www. bing Raccoon - http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/vide o/raccoons-masters-of- adaptation/p86yt8z Raccoon article: http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/ani mal/raccoons.htm URBAN (CITY)

URBAN (CITY) Cockroach http://pestcontrol.about.com/od/profile ofcockroaches/a/Why-Cockroaches- Survive.htm

Narwhal MARINE (OCEAN) http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vide o/weirdest-narwhals

Adaptations in various environments Does an adaptation for one environment always help an organism survive in a DIFFERENT environment? No. Adaptations in various environments

Can you predict where I live? Waterproof skin

Can you predict where I live? Surprise! All skin is waterproof unless there’s something wrong with it. Some organisms benefit from skin that is made for water, however. Can you predict where I live?

Can you predict where I live? Thick white fur

Can you predict where I live?

Can you predict where I live? Running very quickly

Can you predict where I live?

Organism 1 What do I probably eat?

Adelie penguins’ spiny tongue prevents fish from swimming out of its mouth once caught

Organism 2 What do I probably eat?

Cows have teeth for cutting grass 5th finished this slide

Organism 3 What do I probably eat?

The Leatherback turtle eats soft marine animals like jellyfish 8th period finished this slide

Organism 4 What do I probably eat?

Sphinx moths stick their tongues into flowers for nectar

…in a RIVER? Organism 1 Organism 2 Who will survive? Salmon on left, orca on right; 7th period finished this slide

…in a TREE? Organism 3 Organism 4 Who will survive? Squirrel claws on left, shark teeth on right

…in a CORAL REEF? Organism 5 Organism 6 Who will survive? Sperm whale on left, starfish on right

The structure (form) of an organism is related to what that organism does. Form Fits Function

Example: birds have hollow bones, which allows them to fly Form (hollow bones) fits function (flying) Form Fits Function

Example: sunflowers have bright flowers to attract bees that pollinate the plants. Form (bright flowers) fits function (attracting bees so the plant can reproduce!) Form Fits Function

Changes in Genetic Traits What might cause genetic traits in populations to change? Changes in Genetic Traits

Changes in Genetic Traits MANMADE INFLUENCES Artificial selection We only choose the offspring with traits we like to be the parents of the next generation Example: CORN! We only use seeds from the “good” corn to plant for next year’s corn. Changes in Genetic Traits

Changes in Genetic Traits MANMADE INFLUENCES We only choose the offspring with traits we like to be the parents of the next generation Example: DOGS! We choose the dogs that are “better” to be the parents of new puppies Changes in Genetic Traits

Changes in Genetic Traits MANMADE INFLUENCES We only choose the offspring with traits we like to be the parents of the next generation Example: COWS. Choose cows that make a lot of milk to breed for dairy cows Changes in Genetic Traits

Changes in Genetic Traits MANMADE INFLUENCES We change the environment, and certain organisms don’t survive anymore. Example: Peppered moth Changes in Genetic Traits http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/butterfly/glossary/pepperedmoth.shtml

Changes in Genetic Traits

Changes in Genetic Traits NATURAL INFLUENCES Natural selection Mimicry – something looks like (mimics) something else Changes in Genetic Traits

NATURAL INFLUENCES Natural selection Camouflage – predators can’t see it to eat it. It survives and reproduces!

Yes! Heterozygous traits! You kill off the parents who can’t survive – will some of the offspring of the survivors still have those “bad” traits? Yes! Heterozygous traits! It takes time for the appearance of a population to change. Change over time = evolution It Takes Time