Three-dimensional distribution of articular cartilage thickness in the elderly talus and calcaneus analyzing the subchondral bone plate density K. Akiyama,

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Three-dimensional distribution of articular cartilage thickness in the elderly talus and calcaneus analyzing the subchondral bone plate density K. Akiyama, T. Sakai, N. Sugimoto, H. Yoshikawa, K. Sugamoto Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages 296-304 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014 Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 All specimens were fixed and digitized such that the articular surfaces of interest faced upwards. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Surface models of a left talus. (a) Surface model obtained using the 3D-digitizer, showing the talocrural cartilage surface. (b) Surface model obtained from 3D-CT in the same specimen, showing the talocrural subchondral bone surface. (c) Registration of the two models by surface registration of the steel spheres. The black line indicates sectioning of the talus. (d) Cross-section along the line shown in (c). The inferred cartilage is colored pink. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 3D distribution of talocrural articular cartilage thickness of the talus shown in Fig. 2 using the proximity mapping method. The color scale is in millimeters (A, anterior; AC, anterocentral; PC, posterocentral; P, posterior; M, medial; C, central; and L, lateral). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 3D distribution of posterior subtalar articular cartilage thickness of the talus shown in Fig. 2, using the proximity mapping method. The color scale is in millimeters (A, anterior; P, posterior; M, medial; L, lateral; AM, anteromedial; AC, anterocentral; AL, anterolateral; CM, centromedial; C, central; CL, centrolateral; PM, posteromedial; PC, posterocentral; and PL, posterolateral). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 3D distribution of posterior subtalar articular cartilage thickness of a left calcaneus, using the proximity mapping method. The color scale is in millimeters (A, anterior; P, posterior; M, medial; L, lateral; AM, anteromedial; AC, anterocentral; AL, anterolateral; CM, centromedial; C, central; CL, centrolateral; PM, posteromedial; PC, posterocentral; and PL, posterolateral). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 (a) Cross-section of the surface model of a talus made by 3D-digitizer and 3D-CT, showing inferred cartilage thickness. (b) Anatomic counterpart section. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Bar charts showing mean cartilage thickness in the (a) talocrural surface of the talus, (b) posterior subtalar surface of the talus, and (c) posterior subtalar surface of the calcaneus. Error bars demonstrate 1 standard deviation. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Bar charts showing maximum cartilage thickness in the (a) talocrural surface of the talus, (b) posterior subtalar surface of the talus, and (c) posterior subtalar surface of the calcaneus. Error bars demonstrate 1 standard deviation. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2012 20, 296-304DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2011.12.014) Copyright © 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions