From Feudalism to Economic Expansion and Change Unit 2 Section 4 Essential Standards: How do religions influence political power and create cultural unity in European Regions? I can: identify how all religions are similar. I can trace & give examples of how beliefs influence actions.

The Manor Economy Feudalism The manor heart of the medieval economy. Peasants (serf) & lords were bound by mutual obligation (military service-serf, protection-lord). Feudalism Lords divided their land among lesser lords. Exchange, vassals, pledged service to the greater lord (feudal contract). Powerful lords granted his vassal a fief (track of land). explained The peasant or serfs worked for the lord.

Agricultural Revolution three-field system ( 1 field grain, 1 legumes, 1 fallow) Pop. explosion: b/w 1000 & 1300, pop. of doubled. Trade in Medieval Europe, 1000–1300 trade increased Trade fairs (rivers) cities developed as small centers of trade New farming technologies: iron plow, harness, windmill Increase in food production

A Commercial Revolution Reintro. of money develop new business practices,: banks partnerships bill of exchange Social Changes Due to Commercial Rev. Peasants became tenant farmers. New middle class of merchants & traders Usury lending money at interest. (Jews only). The revival of trade led to a revolution in commerce.

Guilds Merchants & artisans formed associations called guilds. Dominated town life, passing laws, and levying taxes. Becoming a guild member: First had to become an apprentice, trainee, to a guild master (@ 7 yrs.) Later journeymen, salaried workers. Women could apprentice & did dominate in some trades.

Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church Royal Power Grows (1050–1450) Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church Monarchs limited power. Monarchs expand their power: royal courts taxation standing armies ties w/the middle class Nobles and the Church had as much—or more—power than the monarchs.

Henry II claimed the right to try clergy in royal courts. Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, opposed the king. King John lost Normandy to the Phillip II. Innocent III had him excommunicated & placed England under the interdict. 1170 Becket is murdered by 4 hooded knights. Becket was honored as a martyr & declared a saint. Pilgrims go to his tomb in Canterbury. (Canterbury Tales)

Successful Monarchs in France Philip II (Phillip Augustus) Capetians-Hugh Capet standing army Sent knights to help the pope throne hereditary effective bureaucracy suppress Albignesians in the south of France.

Louis IX (King and Saint) Philip IV Louis IX (King and Saint) Ended serfdom centralized monarchy Clashed w/ Pope Boniface over taxing the clergy. Estates General: never gained the “power of the purse.” 1305 a Frenchman is elected as pope & moves the papal court to Avignon.