CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Chapter 7 section 2 DELEGATES TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

Government officials realized after Shays’ Rebellion that a change was needed A convention of representatives from each state were called to Philadelphia in 1787

There were 74 men asked to come to Philadelphia but only 55 delegates arrived in Philadelphia

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

The average age of a delegate was 44 years old

BEN FRANKLIN (Pennsylvania) was the oldest at age 81 JONATHAN DAYTON (New Jersey) was the youngest at age 26

POLITICAL EXPERIENCE: Most had some experience as politicians in their home states

PROFESSION: 34 of the 55 were lawyers Also included soldiers, planters, educators, ministers, physicians, financiers, and merchants

Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves ECONOMIC STATUS: Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves

All the delegates were white men RACE: All the delegates were white men

None of the delegates were African-Americans, Hispanic, women, poor LEFT OUT: None of the delegates were African-Americans, Hispanic, women, poor

A total of 12 states sent delegates to the convention Rhode Island is the only state that refused to send any delegates

Delegates had to make a choice: Fix the Articles of Confederation 2) Write a new form of government

The delegates decided to write a new plan of government! Challenge was to create a strong national government but one that would not overpower

CONSTITUTION HALL - PHILADELPHIA

______________________ and _______________ were not at the convention because they were overseas at the time. THOMAS JEFFERSON JOHN ADAMS

__________________ refused to attend the convention because he “smelled a rat” leading toward monarchy. PATRICK HENRY

__________________________ came out of retirement for the convention. GEORGE WASHINGTON

________________ was a famous scientist and statesman, gave wit and wisdom to the convention. BEN FRANKLIN

JAMES MADISON _________________ read more than 100 books in preparation for the convention.

JAMES MADISON _________________ is known as the “Father of the Constitution” and took detailed notes.

______________________________ was chosen as president of the convention. GEORGE WASHINGTON

Chapter 8 section 2 COMPROMISES

COMPROMISE noun - a settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions (gives in a little) to come to a result which solves a problem

1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE 3. TRADE COMPROMISE 3 MAJOR COMPROMISES: 1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE 3. TRADE COMPROMISE

Major debate was over how to set up the legislative branch of government

It becomes a battle between smaller states and the ones with larger populations VS

Several states submit plans for the type of legislature they want

1) The legislative branch would have two houses VIRGINIA PLAN 1) The legislative branch would have two houses 2) Both houses would assign representatives based on wealth/population

1) The legislature would have one house NEW JERSEY PLAN 1) The legislature would have one house 2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature

THE GREAT COMPROMISE

The legislature would have two houses GREAT COMPROMISE The legislature would have two houses

SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal GREAT COMPROMISE SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal = 2 senators = 2 senators

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population GREAT COMPROMISE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population = 1 representative (493,000 people) = 52 representatives (38,800,000 people)

CONGRESS SENATE (100) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435) EVERY DATE HAS EQUAL NUMBER HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435) BASED ON POPULATION SO NOT EQUAL FOR EVERY STATE

TOTAL NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS FROM EACH STATE

THE GREAT COMPRISE VIRGINIA PLAN NEW JERSEY PLAN 2 houses for legislature 2) NUMBER of people in congress set by wealth and population SENATE Number of people BASED ON EQUALITY = EACH STATE HAS SAME NUMBER GREAT COMPROMISE THE LEGISLATURE WILL HAVE 2 HOUSES NEW JERSEY PLAN 1) 1 house for legislature 2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature Number of people BASED ON populations HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Unit 5 – Creating a Government – Page 4 of 10

Next major issue to be decided is slavery and if slaves should be counted as population

3/5 COMPROMISE

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM: should slaves be counted as population for taxes and/or to determine representatives in the legislature

NORTH WANTS: Northern states want slaves to not be counted to determine representatives but to be counted for taxes X

SOUTH WANTS: X Southern states want slaves to be counted to determine representatives but not for taxes

Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person THE 3/5 COMPROMISE: Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person This is used for taxes and to set up the number of reps in Congress

Northern states agree to do nothing about slave trade until 1808 Southern states agree to allow national government to regulate trade

No state gets everything they wanted but they wrote a constitution they thought would work overall

THE END