Battles: Turning Points 2J America: A Nation Divided, c1845–1877

Flipped Learning: Due today 1865 Apr 1863 BATTLES WHAT TO MENTION Chancellorsville Gettysburg Vicksburg Chattanooga Shenandoah Atlanta Campaign Marching through Georgia Franklin and Nashville Generals involved No. of troops Who won Decisive factors that lead to success Importance/impact (eg. Missed opportunities, etc) TASK: You are going to create a timeline with battles that occurred from 1863-65. Using your battles handout, you will need to make notes on what happens during each of the battles.

Turning Points in the American Civil War Good learning: Understand what happened during the battles of 1863-4 Great learning: Explain the impact of the different battles Even better: Evaluate which was the most important battle in the Civil War Key Words:

1863 By 1863 both sides had seen success. The Confederates had seen particular success in the Eastern theatre The year 1863 started off with the Emancipation proclamation formally coming in to effect (after the ‘victory’ at the Battle of Antietam). This declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebel states “are, and henceforward shall be free”. Technically, the final proclamation only freed slaves in the rebellious states, leaving all those in boarder states and in Union-held portions of the Confederate states still in bondage. Whilst those on the deep south would have to wait until well after the war to hear about this, those close to Union lines, the news started to spread much quicker. Many stated to feel that this might start to bring an end to the war. UNDERSTAND What happened during the battles of 1863 EXPLAIN The impact and importance of the different battles EVALUATE Which was the most important battle during 1863

Battles: Turning points in the war We have now looked at the battles across the years 1861-1865. We are now going to look at a key debate in the war: which battles should be considered turning points? TASK: On your tables, create a criteria on what would need to happen for a battle to cause a turning point in the American Civil War Potential points for a criteria It would impact who would win the war The events that followed it would need to be significantly different to those that went before The battle would need to fundamentally change the outlook of one-side or the other The would need to be no change in direction from that battle. UNDERSTAND What happened during the battles of 1863 EXPLAIN The impact and importance of the different battles EVALUATE Which was the most important battle during 1863 5

Battles: Turning points in the war We have now looked at the battles across the years 1861-1865. We are now going to look at a key debate in the war: which battles should be considered turning points? TASK: Each table has been given a battle to look at. You will need to create an re-enactment of the battle using your tub of play-do, focusing on why the battle can be considered a turning point. You are only limited to 30 words, though can have as many pictures as you like. Antietam, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Union superior resources or another battle? UNDERSTAND What happened during the battles of 1863 EXPLAIN The impact and importance of the different battles EVALUATE Which was the most important battle during 1863 6

Its time to share…. Now that you have collected your information, it is now time to share with the other groups. TASK: Half of the table must stay and teach people from the other groups, whilst the other half must go to one of the other tables. They will then collect the information about the importance bullet points about the three battles they visit and bring it back to your table so that you can share the information. UNDERSTAND What happened during the battles of 1863 EXPLAIN The impact and importance of the different battles EVALUATE Which was the most important battle during 1863

How does this link to the exam? ‘The Battle of Gettysburg was decisive for the outcome of the American Civil War.’ Assess the validity of this view. *2017 Final Exam*

Flip Learning Due next lesson. TASK: Write an introduction to the Gettysburg question. Write on PEEL paragraph on Gettysburg Write a PEEL paragraph on another battle Please note: your paragraphs must link back to your judgement, one paragraph will need undermining!

Resources

The Battle of Chancellorsville: 30/04/63 -06/05/63 Who was involved: Lee (50,000) vs. Hooker (130,000 - divided) What happened: See booklet Decisive factors: fought in an area called the Wilderness and allowed Confederates to carry out surprise attack (Jacksons attack) Impact: High confederate morale, 17,000 (U) vs.13,000 (C) losses. Hooker resigns.

Chickamauga: 19/09/63 -20/09/63 Chattanooga: 20/09/63 – 25/11/63 Who was involved: Bragg (65,000) vs. Rosecrans (60,000) Grant comes in with additional support during Chattanooga What happened: See booklet Decisive factors: Longstreet learnt from mistakes at Pickett’s charge. Grant acting quickly to support Rosecrans and changes command and confusion and low morale amongst the confederates. Impact: Grant seen as Union’s greatest general and opened a path between Atlanta and the Southern heartland.

The Battle of Gettysburg: 01/07/63 -03/07/63 Who was involved: Lee (71-75,000) vs. Meade (104,000) What happened: See booklet Decisive factors: -Missed opportunities on day 1 by Ewell. Longstreet taking too long on day 2 and the attack on the Centre on day 3 by Lee (mainly charging after the barrage had little effect) Impact: Improved Union morale, 23,000 (U) vs.28,000 (C) losses. Lee retreats back to Virginia. Lee not able to carry out strategic offensive again ad huge loss of experience. Destroys invincibility myth surrounding Lee. Does not make Confederate defeat inevitable as the Union do not follow up victory.

The Battle of Vicksburg: 18/05/63 -14/07/63 Who was involved: Pemberton and Johnston (33,000) vs. Grant (77,000) What happened: See booklet Decisive factors: Grants diversion in the south whilst he passed the Mississippi river. Pemberton’s poor tactical leadership and Johnston’s hesitation to attack Union and break the siege Impact: Stopped confederate supplies moving East (cut confederacy in two). Captured artillery and Confederates sustained heavy loss (9,091 killed during campaign and approx. 21,000 surrendered)