Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds Witness History Audio: An Iron Curtain Two Sides Face Off in Europe NATO and the Warsaw Pact were divided by the Iron Curtain. In Berlin, floods of people were leaving East Berlin for the more prosperous West Berlin, so a wall was built to keep the East Germans in. Many Eastern European countries revolted against Soviet authority. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to Churchill, who controls the states of Central and Eastern Europe?” (the Soviet Union, whose capital is Moscow) When showing Color Transparency 181, ask, “How did the Cold War become a global conflict?” (Nations around the world allied themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union.) “Why did the Cold War sometimes get ‘hot’?” (The United States and Soviet Union competed for influence by supporting local forces.) When showing Color Transparency 182, have students discuss ways that the cartoon reflects the image of Soviet leadership during the Cold War. Witness History Audio: Closing the Gate Witness History Video: The Rise and Fall of the Berlin Wall Note Taking Transparency 176 1 of 10

Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds Nuclear Weapons Threaten the World The United States and the Soviet Union each developed nuclear weapons to maintain a “balance of terror.” Both countries also participated in Strategic Arms Limitation Talks to keep the number of nuclear weapons down, as well as the number of anti-ballistic missiles. These agreements led to a détente in the 1970s. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to Churchill, who controls the states of Central and Eastern Europe?” (the Soviet Union, whose capital is Moscow) When showing Color Transparency 181, ask, “How did the Cold War become a global conflict?” (Nations around the world allied themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union.) “Why did the Cold War sometimes get ‘hot’?” (The United States and Soviet Union competed for influence by supporting local forces.) When showing Color Transparency 182, have students discuss ways that the cartoon reflects the image of Soviet leadership during the Cold War. 2 of 10

Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds The Cold War Goes Global The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. formed more alliances in order to protect their interests around the world. They confronted each other indirectly by taking sides in local conflicts—providing weapons, training, and other aid to opposing forces. Cuba was home to the major Cold War conflict in the Western Hemisphere, with a communist government retaining control. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to Churchill, who controls the states of Central and Eastern Europe?” (the Soviet Union, whose capital is Moscow) When showing Color Transparency 181, ask, “How did the Cold War become a global conflict?” (Nations around the world allied themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union.) “Why did the Cold War sometimes get ‘hot’?” (The United States and Soviet Union competed for influence by supporting local forces.) When showing Color Transparency 182, have students discuss ways that the cartoon reflects the image of Soviet leadership during the Cold War. Color Transparency 181: Europe During the Cold War Witness History Video: The Cuban Missile Crisis Geography Interactive: The Cold War, 1977 3 of 10

Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds The Soviet Union in the Cold War The Soviets wanted to spread their ideology and command economy to other countries. Of Stalin’s successors, all maintained Communist party control, but Khrushchev closed the prison camps that had held political enemies and he also eased censorship. Under Leonid Brezhnev, government critics again faced arrest. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to Churchill, who controls the states of Central and Eastern Europe?” (the Soviet Union, whose capital is Moscow) When showing Color Transparency 181, ask, “How did the Cold War become a global conflict?” (Nations around the world allied themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union.) “Why did the Cold War sometimes get ‘hot’?” (The United States and Soviet Union competed for influence by supporting local forces.) When showing Color Transparency 182, have students discuss ways that the cartoon reflects the image of Soviet leadership during the Cold War. Color Transparency 182: No Time to Take a Bow 4 of 10

Section 1: The Cold War Unfolds The United States in the Cold War The American government tried to keep communism from spreading, while individual Americans tried to protect themselves from nuclear fallout by building shelters and conducting air-raid drills. The fear of nuclear war led to a fear of all communists, and Senator Joseph McCarthy led a campaign to root out all American communists and communist sympathizers. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to Churchill, who controls the states of Central and Eastern Europe?” (the Soviet Union, whose capital is Moscow) When showing Color Transparency 181, ask, “How did the Cold War become a global conflict?” (Nations around the world allied themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union.) “Why did the Cold War sometimes get ‘hot’?” (The United States and Soviet Union competed for influence by supporting local forces.) When showing Color Transparency 182, have students discuss ways that the cartoon reflects the image of Soviet leadership during the Cold War. QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency 5 of 10

Note Taking Transparency 176 The Cold War: Section 1 Note Taking Transparency 176 6 of 10

Color Transparency 181: Europe During the Cold War The Cold War: Section 1 Color Transparency 181: Europe During the Cold War 7 of 10

Color Transparency 182: No Time to Take a Bow The Cold War: Section 1 Color Transparency 182: No Time to Take a Bow 8 of 10

Progress Monitoring Transparency (1 of 2) The Cold War: Section 1 Progress Monitoring Transparency (1 of 2) 9 of 10

Progress Monitoring Transparency (2 of 2) The Cold War: Section 1 Progress Monitoring Transparency (2 of 2) 10 of 10