Sectional Anatomy Lesson 2 Topic 1 Cranium and Facial Bones Insert image of istock #10530211 (video if possible) or #10487157 Sectional Anatomy Lesson 2 Topic 1 Cranium and Facial Bones  

Objectives: Identify the cranium and facial bones on given images Identify sinuses and fontanels on given images Identify muscle tissue on given images Identify soft tissue structures of the eye on given images Differentiate planes and modalities on given images Use directional terms to describe the relationships of anatomical structures Objectives: After completing this topic you should be able to: Identify the cranium and facial bones on given images Identify sinuses and fontanels on given images Identify muscle tissue on given images Identify soft tissue structures of the eye on given images Differentiate planes and modalities on given images Use directional terms to describe the relationships of anatomical structures

Cranium Images: fly in and stack on top of each other. Audio: The skull, which is composed of the facial and cranial bones, is one of the most complex parts of the human anatomy. There are many bony structures within the skull. It houses and protects the brain.

Indication of Slice Images: show red line to demonstrate the different cuts. Audio: As you read the textbook, notice the drawing next to each sectional image. This shows precisely where the sectional ‘cut’ is. Notice the red line. This will help you determine the orientation of the image; whether it is it posterior, anterior, ventricle, dorsal, superior or inferior.

Coronal Image of Frontal Bone Image: make red arrow appear Audio: This image shows a coronal scan of the frontal bone. The red line from the slide before indicates the level. Notice how anterior this slice is? You can clearly view the patient’s front teeth. (*Red arrow) Nancy- should we include the drawing from the previous slide? She could bring it in, and put a small version of it beside this.

Coronal Image Image: have arrow and line appear* Audio: Notice that this image, is almost at a mid coronal slice. The line *to the left indicates the level. The teeth are no longer in the image, but notice that now the condyle of the mandible is starting to arrive into view.(Yellow arrow) Nancy – what are the asterisks?

Images: Make image flash once when describing * make arrows appear ** Audio: These are axial(*left image) and sagittal images(*right image) of the skull. Both are very close to midline. The sagittal image is zoomed to the nasal meatus. (pronounced “ME 8 US”) Some structures are easy to identify in these midline views such as the ears in the axial view. (Blue arrow). These are not normally listed for identification in any sectional anatomy quiz, but they do stick out. The nose and frontal sinuses are easily distinguished in the sagittal view. (Green arrow) Now think about it, if you are not in the midline (or close) of these planes, would you see those structures? No you would not.

CT Image MRI Image Images: draw circle around the eyeball and down through the optic nerve Audio: The images shown here are both axial images. The first <on the left> is a CT and the second <on the right> is an MR image. Notice how defined the eyeball and optic nerve are on both images. Can you see some differences between the two modalities? Nancy – what differences should they notice?

Fontanels Image: arrow move in Audio: This image is a 3D reconstruction demonstrating the fontanels of this newborn infant. A fontanel is a feature on an infant's skull that is commonly referred to as a “soft spot” on a baby's head. During birth these fontanels enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. They will ossify around age two. They do look a bit different from fractures.

Summary When looking at sectional images, start by determining what type of slice it is. <bring in image, then animate line appearing from top to bottom> Next, identify the landmarks each image, such as the ears and teeth when looking at the skull.<bring in red arrows> From there, you should be able to figure out the other anatomical features of each image.

Time to Review Now, you should go into the activities and review