ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Cells & Organization

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Presentation transcript:

ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Cells & Organization

(1) Neurons Neuron = Nerve Cell Types: Multipolar + Unipolar Basic Structural Components: Dendrites (Incoming) Cell Body (Integrate + Process) Axon (Outgoing) Myelin Sheath (Insulation + Speed) Axon Terminal (Final Destination)

(2) Unipolar Neurons Use: Afferent Input (Sensory Input) Main Job: Get message to CNS Let CNS process and decide (NO need to have cell body right by dendrites) Process: Dendrites connected to sensory organ Message sent to cell body  Out Axon Message sent out of axon terminal

(3) Multipolar Neurons Use: Efferent Output (Motor Output) Main Job: Organize messages by importance Make organs do things (Important to have cell body right next to dendrites) Process: Cell body directly connected to dendrites Dendrites coming from CNS / Efferent path  effected organ

(4) Neuroglia Function: Support, insulate and protect neurons. Types: Cannot transmit nerve impulses Can continuously divide through mitosis Types: Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal Oligodendrocytes Schwann Cells & Satellite Cells

(5) Astrocytes Connect neurons to capillaries Transfer blood-nutrients to neurons (and neuron waste to blood)

(6) Microglia Phagocytize neuron debris and infectious agents.

(7) Ependymal Cells Pillow-Shaped cells Line brain and spinal cord cavities Beat cilia + Circulate cerebrospinal fluid Provide Shock Absorption

(8) Oligodendrocytes Flat, Straw-Shaped cells Wrap around a neuron’s axon Fatty insulation for axon (myelin sheath)

(9) Schwann & Satellite Cells Schwann Cell: Form Myelin Sheath around axons Cover Oligodendrocytes Satellite Cell: Protective Cushioning Surround Cell body of neurons

(10) Junctions Junction = Meeting of Neuron + Neuron or Neuron + Organ A.K.A.  Synapse, Synaptic Cleft Nerve Impulse  Axon  Axon Terminal  Release Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter = Chemical Message Causes an effect Binds with cell membrane on other side

(11) Nervous System Organization CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (SENSORY / AFFERENT INPUT) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (MOTOR / EFFERENT OUTPUT) BODY (INITIAL STIMULUS / IMBALANCE) AUTONOMIC (INVOLUNTARY) SOMATIC (VOLUNTARY) SYMPATHETIC (FIGHT / FLIGHT) PARASYMPATHETIC (REST & DIGEST)

(12) Defining the Levels Sensory = Afferent = Going to the CNS Motor = Efferent = Going away from the CNS Somatic = Voluntary Autonomic = Involuntary Sympathetic = Emotional Parasympathetic = Non-Emotional

(13) Voluntary Responses Voluntary = You consciously choose to move a body part / respond. Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Central Nervous System Somatic Division Sensory / Afferent Division Stimulus Effector Organ

(14) Involuntary Emotional Responses Involuntary = Without control. Emotional = Scared, Anxious, Angry, Happy, Excited Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Autonomic Division Central Nervous System Sensory / Afferent Division Sympathetic Division Stimulus Effector Organ

(15) Involuntary Non-Emotional Responses Involuntary = Without control. Non-Emotional = Every day homeostatic mechanisms. Pathway: Motor / Efferent Division Autonomic Division Central Nervous System Sensory / Afferent Division Parasympathetic Division Stimulus Effector Organ

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