Unit Objectives 1)understand the evolution of models of the atom: Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, the ‘quantum model 2) understand the meaning of mass.

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Unit Objectives 1)understand the evolution of models of the atom: Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, the ‘quantum model 2) understand the meaning of mass number, atomic (proton) number. 3) be able to write and work with full atomic symbols 4) be able to calculate relative atomic, molecular and formula mass

Refreshing some Old Terminology Bohr Rutherford Diagrams Isotopes and ions R.A.M. (Relative Atomic Mass)

Isotopes Relative abundance 1.8 Mass spectrometer (SB p.20) Cl has 2 isotopes: Cl-35 and Cl-37 Isotopes Relative abundance Cl-35 75% Cl-37 25% How can we know?

Mass spectrometer consists of 6 parts: 1.8 Mass spectrometer (SB p.20) Mass spectrometer consists of 6 parts:

Mass spectrum of Cl2: m/e ratio Corresponding ion 35 35Cl+ 37 37Cl+ 70 1.8 Mass spectrometer (SB p.21) Mass spectrum of Cl2: m/e ratio Corresponding ion 35 35Cl+ 37 37Cl+ 70 35Cl─35Cl+ 72 35Cl ─ 37Cl+ 74 37Cl ─37Cl+

Mass spectrum of CH3Cl: m/e ratio Corresponding ion 35 35Cl+ 37 37Cl+ 1.8 Mass spectrometer (SB p.21) Mass spectrum of CH3Cl: m/e ratio Corresponding ion 35 35Cl+ 37 37Cl+ 50 12CH3─35Cl+ 51 13CH3 ─ 37Cl+ 52 12CH3 ─37Cl+

ISOTOPES & AVERAGE ATOMIC OR MOLAR MASS

MASS SPECTRA R.A.M. Consider neon and its 3 isotopes... 20Ne 21Ne 22Ne. We use these values to determine the average molar mass of an element or Relative atomic mass, called RAM 19 20 21 22 23 m/z 90.92 0.26 8.82 Abundance / % Calculate the average relative atomic mass of neon using the above information. Out of every 100 atoms 90.92 are 20Ne , 0.26 are 21Ne and 8.82 are 22Ne Average = (90.92 x 20) + (0.26 x 21) + (8.82 x 22) = 20.179 100 Relative atomic mass = 20.18

Calculate the relative atomic mass of the following – give your answers to 3 significant figures Bromine : 79 Br 50% , 81 Br 50% Copper : 63 Cu 69% , 65 Cu 31% Zirconium : 90 Zr 51.5% , 91 Zr 11.2%, 92 Zr 17.1%, 94 Zr 17.4%, 96 Zr 2.8% Lead : 204 Pb 1.5% , 206 Pb 23.6%, 207 Pb 22.6%, 208 Pb 52.3% Neon : 20 Ne 90.9% , 21 Ne 0.2%, 22 Ne 8.9% 63.6 91.3 207. 20.2

Can we calculate the % composition if we know the isotopes ? Naturally occurring potassium consists of potassium-39 and potassium-41. Calculate the percentage of each isotope present if the average is 39.1. Assume there are x nuclei of 39K in every 100; so there will be (100-x) of 41K so 39x + 41 (100-x) = 39.1 100 therefore 39 x + 4100 - 41x = 3910 thus - 2x = - 190 and x = 95 ANSWER There will be 95% 39K and 5% 41K

Right, ok now you try, see the handout